Bile acids in saliva as possible non-invasive diagnostics of Barrett's esophagus

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

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Výsledek na webu

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DOI - Digital Object Identifier

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Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Bile acids in saliva as possible non-invasive diagnostics of Barrett's esophagus

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Introduction: Bile acids are a group of steroid compounds essential for lipid digestion. However, when bile acids are refluxed into the stomach and the esophagus during the so called duodenogastroesophageal reflux, they can have a detrimental effect on the esophageal epithelium and cause pathological changes of esophageal tissue, e.g., Barrett’s esophagus (BE). The levels of bile acids in saliva could therefore serve as possible biomarkers for the diagnostics of BE. Aims &amp; Methods: We focused on optimization of saliva sampling methods for further analysis of bile acids. Three sampling methods were compared, i.e. sampling with Salivette sampler, Salivette Cortisol sampler and simple spitting. Then we performed quantification of 11 selected bile acids (unconjugated, glycine-conjugated) in saliva from 10 healthy volunteers and 10 BE patients by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, high resolution MS (Orbitrap-MS) was utilized for identification of new bile acids in saliva. Results: The results showed a clear advantage of simple spitting compared to the Salivette samplers. The median concentration of bile acids in saliva from healthy volunteers was generally below 1 nmol L −1 and approximately 2 nmol L −1 in saliva from patients with BE. The determined concentrations of bile acids in saliva are in the same range as previously reported. Levels of most bile acid were significantly higher ( p &lt; 0.05) in saliva from patients than in saliva of healthy volunteers. The most distinctive differences were found in levels of glycolithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, hyocholic acid and the sum of bile acids. Taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid were identified in a pooled saliva sample. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time taurine-conjugated bile acids were detected in saliva. Moreover, glycine-conjugated dihydroxy-bile acid sulfate was detected and identified. Sulfate-conjugated bile acid, specifically glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate, was previously detected only in one metabolomic study. Conclusion: Saliva from BE patients contained higher levels of almost all bile acids, and the patients with BE could be distinguished from healthy volunteers by principal component analysis. In untargeted analysis taurine-conjugated bile acids were identified in saliva for the first time. The number of subjects in this preliminary study is low as we wanted to pinpoint a possible application for the analysis of bile acids in saliva, but not to complete a large clinical study, that will be conducted in future research, also including the taurine-conjugated bile acids.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Bile acids in saliva as possible non-invasive diagnostics of Barrett's esophagus

Popis výsledku anglicky

Introduction: Bile acids are a group of steroid compounds essential for lipid digestion. However, when bile acids are refluxed into the stomach and the esophagus during the so called duodenogastroesophageal reflux, they can have a detrimental effect on the esophageal epithelium and cause pathological changes of esophageal tissue, e.g., Barrett’s esophagus (BE). The levels of bile acids in saliva could therefore serve as possible biomarkers for the diagnostics of BE. Aims &amp; Methods: We focused on optimization of saliva sampling methods for further analysis of bile acids. Three sampling methods were compared, i.e. sampling with Salivette sampler, Salivette Cortisol sampler and simple spitting. Then we performed quantification of 11 selected bile acids (unconjugated, glycine-conjugated) in saliva from 10 healthy volunteers and 10 BE patients by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, high resolution MS (Orbitrap-MS) was utilized for identification of new bile acids in saliva. Results: The results showed a clear advantage of simple spitting compared to the Salivette samplers. The median concentration of bile acids in saliva from healthy volunteers was generally below 1 nmol L −1 and approximately 2 nmol L −1 in saliva from patients with BE. The determined concentrations of bile acids in saliva are in the same range as previously reported. Levels of most bile acid were significantly higher ( p &lt; 0.05) in saliva from patients than in saliva of healthy volunteers. The most distinctive differences were found in levels of glycolithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, hyocholic acid and the sum of bile acids. Taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid were identified in a pooled saliva sample. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time taurine-conjugated bile acids were detected in saliva. Moreover, glycine-conjugated dihydroxy-bile acid sulfate was detected and identified. Sulfate-conjugated bile acid, specifically glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate, was previously detected only in one metabolomic study. Conclusion: Saliva from BE patients contained higher levels of almost all bile acids, and the patients with BE could be distinguished from healthy volunteers by principal component analysis. In untargeted analysis taurine-conjugated bile acids were identified in saliva for the first time. The number of subjects in this preliminary study is low as we wanted to pinpoint a possible application for the analysis of bile acids in saliva, but not to complete a large clinical study, that will be conducted in future research, also including the taurine-conjugated bile acids.

Druh

O - Ostatní výsledky

CEP obor

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OECD FORD obor

30219 - Gastroenterology and hepatology

Projekt

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Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2024

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů