Risk Assessment and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals with an Emphasis on Antimony (Sb) in Urban Soil in Bojnourd, Iran

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F44555601%3A13520%2F23%3A43897951" target="_blank" >RIV/44555601:13520/23:43897951 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/4/3495" target="_blank" >https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/4/3495</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043495" target="_blank" >10.3390/su15043495</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Risk Assessment and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals with an Emphasis on Antimony (Sb) in Urban Soil in Bojnourd, Iran

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Recently, one of the major environmental issues is the pollution of soil with Antimony (Sb),which is ecologically detrimental and potentially carcinogenic to humans. In developing countriessuch as Iran, Sb concentrations in soils have not yet been accurately determined. Therefore, thepurpose of this study was to examine the levels of Sb and the other HMs (Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Hg andCr) in the surface soils of Bojnourd, Iran, as well as their distribution and potential risks to theenvironment and human health. A total of 37 soil samples (0?20 cm) were taken from differentsampling stations: 900 900 m regular grid for traffic areas (TA), residential areas (RA) and suburbareas (SA). The contamination factor (CF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) are two indices thatwere used to reflect the potential ecological risk from HMs. Geographic information system (GIS),Spearman correlation matrix and health risk indexes were utilized to investigate the source andpotential hazard of HMs. The results showed that the average concentration of HMs in TA washighly enriched compared to other areas. Most soil samples were identified to have low levels ofSb and Ni pollution, while having moderate to high levels of Pb, Cr, As, Hg and Cd pollution, asdetermined by the pollution indices (Igeo and CF). Geostatistical analysis and GIS mapping of thespatial distribution of HM concentrations showed that there have been similar patterns of spatialdistribution for Cd, Cr, Ni and Sb and their hot spots were in the southeast, west and center of the city.Neither the hazard quotient (HQ) nor the hazard index (HI) of the examined HMs indicated any noncarcinogenicrisk to adults or children. However, carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that cancerrisk was raised from Cr and Cd contents for children, while these elements showed an acceptablerisk for adults. Furthermore, children?s carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic values were greater thanadults?, indicating more potential health hazards associated with these HMs. Therefore, assessing therisk posed by HM pollution in urban surface soil is vital and urgent for children. A more detailedinvestigation is also required to identify the spatial distribution of soil pollution in areas recognizedas enriched in Sb. A proper assessment of the environmental risk and the corresponding risk tohumans from HM in a study area can be critical to developing an appropriate remediation method.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Risk Assessment and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals with an Emphasis on Antimony (Sb) in Urban Soil in Bojnourd, Iran

Popis výsledku anglicky

Recently, one of the major environmental issues is the pollution of soil with Antimony (Sb),which is ecologically detrimental and potentially carcinogenic to humans. In developing countriessuch as Iran, Sb concentrations in soils have not yet been accurately determined. Therefore, thepurpose of this study was to examine the levels of Sb and the other HMs (Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Hg andCr) in the surface soils of Bojnourd, Iran, as well as their distribution and potential risks to theenvironment and human health. A total of 37 soil samples (0?20 cm) were taken from differentsampling stations: 900 900 m regular grid for traffic areas (TA), residential areas (RA) and suburbareas (SA). The contamination factor (CF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) are two indices thatwere used to reflect the potential ecological risk from HMs. Geographic information system (GIS),Spearman correlation matrix and health risk indexes were utilized to investigate the source andpotential hazard of HMs. The results showed that the average concentration of HMs in TA washighly enriched compared to other areas. Most soil samples were identified to have low levels ofSb and Ni pollution, while having moderate to high levels of Pb, Cr, As, Hg and Cd pollution, asdetermined by the pollution indices (Igeo and CF). Geostatistical analysis and GIS mapping of thespatial distribution of HM concentrations showed that there have been similar patterns of spatialdistribution for Cd, Cr, Ni and Sb and their hot spots were in the southeast, west and center of the city.Neither the hazard quotient (HQ) nor the hazard index (HI) of the examined HMs indicated any noncarcinogenicrisk to adults or children. However, carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that cancerrisk was raised from Cr and Cd contents for children, while these elements showed an acceptablerisk for adults. Furthermore, children?s carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic values were greater thanadults?, indicating more potential health hazards associated with these HMs. Therefore, assessing therisk posed by HM pollution in urban surface soil is vital and urgent for children. A more detailedinvestigation is also required to identify the spatial distribution of soil pollution in areas recognizedas enriched in Sb. A proper assessment of the environmental risk and the corresponding risk tohumans from HM in a study area can be critical to developing an appropriate remediation method.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

10511 - Environmental sciences (social aspects to be 5.7)

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

N - Vyzkumna aktivita podporovana z neverejnych zdroju

Rok uplatnění

2023

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Sustainability

ISSN

2071-1050

e-ISSN

2071-1050

Svazek periodika

15

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

4

Stát vydavatele periodika

CH - Švýcarská konfederace

Počet stran výsledku

19

Strana od-do

"nestrankovano"

Kód UT WoS článku

000941484800001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-85149247080