Register-Based and Stack-Based Virtual Machines: Which Perform Better in JIT Compilation Scenarios?

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F49777513%3A23520%2F25%3A43976326" target="_blank" >RIV/49777513:23520/25:43976326 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.70014" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.70014</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spe.70014" target="_blank" >10.1002/spe.70014</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Register-Based and Stack-Based Virtual Machines: Which Perform Better in JIT Compilation Scenarios?

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Background: Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation plays a critical role in optimizing the performance of modern virtual machines (VMs). While the architecture of VMs – register-based or stack-based – has long been a subject of debate, empirical analysis focusing on JIT compilation performance is relatively sparse. Objective: In this study, we aim to answer the question: “Register-based and stack-based virtual machines: which perform better in JIT compilation scenarios?”. Methods: We explore this through a comprehensive set of benchmarks measuring execution speed. To achieve this, we developed identical test cases in languages that support both types of VM architectures and ran these tests under controlled conditions. The performance metrics were captured and analyzed for JIT compilation, including initial interpretation, bytecode translation, and optimized code execution. Results: Our findings suggest that register-based VMs generally outperform stack-based VMs in terms of execution speed. Moreover, the performance gap between the two architectures in mixed execution mode, which essentially copies characteristics of the underlying virtual machine, suggests that making the right choice of VM architecture is still important. Conclusion: This study provides developers, researchers, and system architects with actionable insights into the performance trade-offs associated with each VM architecture in JIT-compiled environments. The findings can guide the design decisions in the development of new virtual machines and JIT compilation strategies.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Register-Based and Stack-Based Virtual Machines: Which Perform Better in JIT Compilation Scenarios?

Popis výsledku anglicky

Background: Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation plays a critical role in optimizing the performance of modern virtual machines (VMs). While the architecture of VMs – register-based or stack-based – has long been a subject of debate, empirical analysis focusing on JIT compilation performance is relatively sparse. Objective: In this study, we aim to answer the question: “Register-based and stack-based virtual machines: which perform better in JIT compilation scenarios?”. Methods: We explore this through a comprehensive set of benchmarks measuring execution speed. To achieve this, we developed identical test cases in languages that support both types of VM architectures and ran these tests under controlled conditions. The performance metrics were captured and analyzed for JIT compilation, including initial interpretation, bytecode translation, and optimized code execution. Results: Our findings suggest that register-based VMs generally outperform stack-based VMs in terms of execution speed. Moreover, the performance gap between the two architectures in mixed execution mode, which essentially copies characteristics of the underlying virtual machine, suggests that making the right choice of VM architecture is still important. Conclusion: This study provides developers, researchers, and system architects with actionable insights into the performance trade-offs associated with each VM architecture in JIT-compiled environments. The findings can guide the design decisions in the development of new virtual machines and JIT compilation strategies.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

10201 - Computer sciences, information science, bioinformathics (hardware development to be 2.2, social aspect to be 5.8)

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2025

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Software Practice and Experience

ISSN

0038-0644

e-ISSN

1097-024X

Svazek periodika

55

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

11

Stát vydavatele periodika

US - Spojené státy americké

Počet stran výsledku

15

Strana od-do

1896-1910

Kód UT WoS článku

001556217600001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-105014085865