Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against A. salmonicida: Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in Oncorhynchus mykiss

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F60077344%3A_____%2F22%3A00555057" target="_blank" >RIV/60077344:_____/22:00555057 - isvavai.cz</a>

Nalezeny alternativní kódy

RIV/60076658:12520/22:43904445

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/2/174" target="_blank" >https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/2/174</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020174" target="_blank" >10.3390/biology11020174</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against A. salmonicida: Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in Oncorhynchus mykiss

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Simple Summary Our bodies run on an internal schedule or clock, telling us when to rest, sleep, or digest, and when to wake up, be active, or burn calories. That's why we experience jetlag because we may well set our watches forward or backward, but our bodies haven't yet. Imagine a seasonal clock that helps get us through the year, not just through the day. We set out to prove that such a clock exists in fish just like it does in humans. We exposed rainbow trout to bacteria to imitate natural encounters. We raised fish in the laboratory under the same light and temperature all year long. When we tested them in summer and winter, the fish consequently experienced days that were artificially longer/shorter or warmer/colder. Nonetheless, certain fish white blood cells didn't react or see the bacteria as a threat in winter unlike in summer. They were probably behaving based on the time of year, or season and not on their immediate environment, just like how a jetlagged individual behaves based on an internal clock, not on what it's like outside. Immunity and other processes are regulated differently between seasons, making animals less or more vulnerable in summer or winter. In poikilothermic vertebrates, seasonality influences different immunological parameters such as leukocyte numbers, phagocytic activity, and antibody titers. This phenomenon has been described in different teleost species, with immunological parameters peaking during warmer months and decreased levels during winter. In this study, the cellular immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kept under constant photoperiod and water temperature against intraperitoneally injected Aeromonas salmonicida during the summer and winter were investigated. The kinetics of different leukocyte subpopulations from peritoneal cavity, spleen, and head kidney in response to the bacteria was measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the kinetics of induced A. salmonicida-specific antibodies was evaluated by ELISA. Despite maintaining the photoperiod and water temperature as constant, different cell baselines were detected in all organs analyzed. During the winter months, B- and T-cell responses were decreased, contrary to what was observed during summer months. However, the specific antibody titers were similar between the two seasons. Natural antibodies, however, were greatly increased 12 h post-injection only during the wintertime. Altogether, our results suggest a bias toward innate immune responses and potential lymphoid immunosuppression in the wintertime in trout. These seasonal differences, despite photoperiod and water temperature being kept constant, suggest an internal inter-seasonal or circannual clock controlling the immune system and physiology of this teleost fish.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against A. salmonicida: Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in Oncorhynchus mykiss

Popis výsledku anglicky

Simple Summary Our bodies run on an internal schedule or clock, telling us when to rest, sleep, or digest, and when to wake up, be active, or burn calories. That's why we experience jetlag because we may well set our watches forward or backward, but our bodies haven't yet. Imagine a seasonal clock that helps get us through the year, not just through the day. We set out to prove that such a clock exists in fish just like it does in humans. We exposed rainbow trout to bacteria to imitate natural encounters. We raised fish in the laboratory under the same light and temperature all year long. When we tested them in summer and winter, the fish consequently experienced days that were artificially longer/shorter or warmer/colder. Nonetheless, certain fish white blood cells didn't react or see the bacteria as a threat in winter unlike in summer. They were probably behaving based on the time of year, or season and not on their immediate environment, just like how a jetlagged individual behaves based on an internal clock, not on what it's like outside. Immunity and other processes are regulated differently between seasons, making animals less or more vulnerable in summer or winter. In poikilothermic vertebrates, seasonality influences different immunological parameters such as leukocyte numbers, phagocytic activity, and antibody titers. This phenomenon has been described in different teleost species, with immunological parameters peaking during warmer months and decreased levels during winter. In this study, the cellular immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kept under constant photoperiod and water temperature against intraperitoneally injected Aeromonas salmonicida during the summer and winter were investigated. The kinetics of different leukocyte subpopulations from peritoneal cavity, spleen, and head kidney in response to the bacteria was measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the kinetics of induced A. salmonicida-specific antibodies was evaluated by ELISA. Despite maintaining the photoperiod and water temperature as constant, different cell baselines were detected in all organs analyzed. During the winter months, B- and T-cell responses were decreased, contrary to what was observed during summer months. However, the specific antibody titers were similar between the two seasons. Natural antibodies, however, were greatly increased 12 h post-injection only during the wintertime. Altogether, our results suggest a bias toward innate immune responses and potential lymphoid immunosuppression in the wintertime in trout. These seasonal differences, despite photoperiod and water temperature being kept constant, suggest an internal inter-seasonal or circannual clock controlling the immune system and physiology of this teleost fish.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

10617 - Marine biology, freshwater biology, limnology

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2022

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Biology

ISSN

2079-7737

e-ISSN

2079-7737

Svazek periodika

11

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

2

Stát vydavatele periodika

CH - Švýcarská konfederace

Počet stran výsledku

18

Strana od-do

174

Kód UT WoS článku

000761410400001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-85123243216