Activation of the tick Toll pathway to control infection of Ixodes ricinus by the apicomplexan parasite Babesia microti

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F60077344%3A_____%2F24%3A00603130" target="_blank" >RIV/60077344:_____/24:00603130 - isvavai.cz</a>

Nalezeny alternativní kódy

RIV/60076658:12310/24:43908697

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012743" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012743</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012743" target="_blank" >10.1371/journal.ppat.1012743</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Activation of the tick Toll pathway to control infection of Ixodes ricinus by the apicomplexan parasite Babesia microti

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

The vector competence of blood-feeding arthropods is influenced by the interaction between pathogens and the immune system of the vector. The Toll and IMD (immune deficiency) signaling pathways play a key role in the regulation of innate immunity in both the Drosophila model and blood-feeding insects. However, in ticks (chelicerates), immune determination for pathogen acquisition and transmission has not yet been fully explored. Here, we have mapped homologs of insect Toll and IMD pathways in the European tick Ixodes ricinus, an important vector of human and animal diseases. We show that most genes of the Toll pathway are well conserved, whereas the IMD pathway has been greatly reduced. We therefore investigated the functions of the individual components of the tick Toll pathway and found that, unlike in Drosophila, it was specifically activated by Gram-negative bacteria. The activation of pathway induced the expression of defensin (defIR), the first identified downstream effector gene of the tick Toll pathway. Borrelia, an atypical bacterium and causative agent of Lyme borreliosis, bypassed Toll-mediated recognition in I. ricinus and also resisted systemic effector molecules when the Toll pathway was activated by silencing its repressor cactus via RNA interference. Babesia, an apicomplexan parasite, also avoided Toll-mediated recognition. Strikingly, unlike Borrelia, the number of Babesia parasites reaching the salivary glands during tick infection was significantly reduced by knocking down cactus. The simultaneous silencing of cactus and dorsal resulted in greater infections and underscored the importance of tick immunity in regulating parasite infections in these important disease vectors.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Activation of the tick Toll pathway to control infection of Ixodes ricinus by the apicomplexan parasite Babesia microti

Popis výsledku anglicky

The vector competence of blood-feeding arthropods is influenced by the interaction between pathogens and the immune system of the vector. The Toll and IMD (immune deficiency) signaling pathways play a key role in the regulation of innate immunity in both the Drosophila model and blood-feeding insects. However, in ticks (chelicerates), immune determination for pathogen acquisition and transmission has not yet been fully explored. Here, we have mapped homologs of insect Toll and IMD pathways in the European tick Ixodes ricinus, an important vector of human and animal diseases. We show that most genes of the Toll pathway are well conserved, whereas the IMD pathway has been greatly reduced. We therefore investigated the functions of the individual components of the tick Toll pathway and found that, unlike in Drosophila, it was specifically activated by Gram-negative bacteria. The activation of pathway induced the expression of defensin (defIR), the first identified downstream effector gene of the tick Toll pathway. Borrelia, an atypical bacterium and causative agent of Lyme borreliosis, bypassed Toll-mediated recognition in I. ricinus and also resisted systemic effector molecules when the Toll pathway was activated by silencing its repressor cactus via RNA interference. Babesia, an apicomplexan parasite, also avoided Toll-mediated recognition. Strikingly, unlike Borrelia, the number of Babesia parasites reaching the salivary glands during tick infection was significantly reduced by knocking down cactus. The simultaneous silencing of cactus and dorsal resulted in greater infections and underscored the importance of tick immunity in regulating parasite infections in these important disease vectors.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

10608 - Biochemistry and molecular biology

Projekt

Výsledek vznikl pri realizaci vícero projektů. Více informací v záložce Projekty.

Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2024

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

PLoS Pathogens

ISSN

1553-7366

e-ISSN

1553-7374

Svazek periodika

20

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

12

Stát vydavatele periodika

US - Spojené státy americké

Počet stran výsledku

19

Strana od-do

e1012743

Kód UT WoS článku

001378234000002

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-85212667209