Individual and Geographic Variation in Non-Harmonic Phases of Male Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) Song

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F60460709%3A41320%2F23%3A97019" target="_blank" >RIV/60460709:41320/23:97019 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13040765" target="_blank" >http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13040765</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13040765" target="_blank" >10.3390/ani13040765</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Individual and Geographic Variation in Non-Harmonic Phases of Male Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) Song

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Simple Summary The remaining European populations of the capercaillie are restricted to isolated mountains, and population declines have led to local extinctions across Western and Central Europe. The majority of studies related to individually distinct vocalizations focused on various versions of tonal and harmonic signals, while non-harmonic noisy signals have not been studied in such detail, even though these signals are frequent in some birds including gallinaceous species. We described the structure of capercaillie song and showed how temporal and frequency acoustic variables contribute to individual-specific expression. The combination of temporal and frequency variables showed the best classification result. Capercallie song represents a complex signal of non-harmonic 'noisy' sounds formed by different acoustic components organized into four main phases. We tested which song phase makes the largest contribution to coding individual identity. The best contribution to individual variation was found in more complex phases. Recordings from males originating from seven countries also suggest geographical variation underlying capercaillie song. The such geographic variation could reflect the potential genetic differentiation of distant populations. Our results revealed that males from Sweden and Norway (Boreal area) formed a distinct cluster from males in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Poland (Sumava and Carpathian area). Individually distinct acoustic signals, produced mainly as tonal and harmonic sounds, have been recorded in many species; however, non-tonal 'noisy' signals have received little attention or have not been studied in detail. The capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus) produce complex courtship songs composed of non-tonal noisy signals in four discrete phases. We analyzed recordings from 24 captive male capercaillies in breeding centres in the Czech Republic, Poland, and Germany, and songs from wild males in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Estonia to test whether a non-harmonic song can encode individual-specific information. We also analyzed the intra-population variation of the male song from three separate areas: Carpathian (Polish and Czech Beskid), Sumava, and Boreal (boreal range of species distribution). Temporal and frequency characteristics can reliably distinguish capercaillies at the individual level (91.7%). DFA model testing geographic variation assigned 91% of songs to the correct area (Carpathian, Sumava, Boreal). The cluster analysis revealed that males from the Boreal area formed a distinct cluster. Our analysis shows clear geographical patterns among our study males and may provide a valuable marker for identifying inter-population dynamics and could help to characterize the evolutionary histories of wood grouse. We discuss the potential use of this marker as a non-invasive monitoring tool for captive and free-roaming capercaillies.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Individual and Geographic Variation in Non-Harmonic Phases of Male Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) Song

Popis výsledku anglicky

Simple Summary The remaining European populations of the capercaillie are restricted to isolated mountains, and population declines have led to local extinctions across Western and Central Europe. The majority of studies related to individually distinct vocalizations focused on various versions of tonal and harmonic signals, while non-harmonic noisy signals have not been studied in such detail, even though these signals are frequent in some birds including gallinaceous species. We described the structure of capercaillie song and showed how temporal and frequency acoustic variables contribute to individual-specific expression. The combination of temporal and frequency variables showed the best classification result. Capercallie song represents a complex signal of non-harmonic 'noisy' sounds formed by different acoustic components organized into four main phases. We tested which song phase makes the largest contribution to coding individual identity. The best contribution to individual variation was found in more complex phases. Recordings from males originating from seven countries also suggest geographical variation underlying capercaillie song. The such geographic variation could reflect the potential genetic differentiation of distant populations. Our results revealed that males from Sweden and Norway (Boreal area) formed a distinct cluster from males in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Poland (Sumava and Carpathian area). Individually distinct acoustic signals, produced mainly as tonal and harmonic sounds, have been recorded in many species; however, non-tonal 'noisy' signals have received little attention or have not been studied in detail. The capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus) produce complex courtship songs composed of non-tonal noisy signals in four discrete phases. We analyzed recordings from 24 captive male capercaillies in breeding centres in the Czech Republic, Poland, and Germany, and songs from wild males in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Estonia to test whether a non-harmonic song can encode individual-specific information. We also analyzed the intra-population variation of the male song from three separate areas: Carpathian (Polish and Czech Beskid), Sumava, and Boreal (boreal range of species distribution). Temporal and frequency characteristics can reliably distinguish capercaillies at the individual level (91.7%). DFA model testing geographic variation assigned 91% of songs to the correct area (Carpathian, Sumava, Boreal). The cluster analysis revealed that males from the Boreal area formed a distinct cluster. Our analysis shows clear geographical patterns among our study males and may provide a valuable marker for identifying inter-population dynamics and could help to characterize the evolutionary histories of wood grouse. We discuss the potential use of this marker as a non-invasive monitoring tool for captive and free-roaming capercaillies.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

10613 - Zoology

Projekt

<a href="/cs/project/EF16_019%2F0000803" target="_blank" >EF16_019/0000803: Excelentní Výzkum jako podpora Adaptace lesnictví a dřevařství na globální změnu a 4. průmyslovou revoluci</a><br>

Návaznosti

P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)<br>S - Specificky vyzkum na vysokych skolach

Rok uplatnění

2023

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Animals

ISSN

2076-2615

e-ISSN

2076-2615

Svazek periodika

13

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

4

Stát vydavatele periodika

CH - Švýcarská konfederace

Počet stran výsledku

17

Strana od-do

1-17

Kód UT WoS článku

000937826600001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-85148877327