Targeting the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L.: a comparison with chemotype V

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F60461373%3A22330%2F25%3A43933104" target="_blank" >RIV/60461373:22330/25:43933104 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42238-025-00336-1#Abs1" target="_blank" >https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42238-025-00336-1#Abs1</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42238-025-00336-1" target="_blank" >10.1186/s42238-025-00336-1</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Targeting the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L.: a comparison with chemotype V

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Background: Non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. chemotypes have gained increasing interest due to their diverse profiles of bioactive compounds. While cannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), are known for their biological effects, the role of other cannabinoids such cannabichromene (CBC) remains underexplored as for chemotype V, which lacks in cannabinoids but is characterized by other minor phytochemicals. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined contributions of cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid phenolics to the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts derived from four C. sativa chemotypes, including a cannabinoid-free variant as a comparison. Methods: Ethanolic extracts were obtained from four hemp chemotypes: CBD-rich (CS1), CBG-rich (CS2), CBC-rich (CS3), and cannabinoid-free (CS4). Phytochemical profiling was conducted using UHPLC-HRMS. Antioxidant properties were assessed via DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through MIC, MBC, and time-kill assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages via gene expression analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators (IL1b, IL6, Cox2, IL10, IL1Ra). Results: Phytochemical analysis confirmed the chemotype-specific profiles, with CS3 showing the highest levels of canniprene and the early discovered 5-methoxy-dihydrodenbinobin. Antioxidant assays revealed that cannabinoids were the main contributors to radical scavenging capacity, though CS3 exhibited additional ferric ion reducing power likely due to non-cannabinoid phenolics. Antibacterial activity was confined to Gram-positive bacteria, where CS1 showed the highest efficacy, and CS4 showed no activity, highlighting the critical role of cannabinoids. All extracts reduced LPS-induced Il1b, Il6, and Cox2 gene expression, but only cannabinoid-rich extracts upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL10 and IL1Ra, indicating a cannabinoid-dependent effect. Conclusion: Both cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid phenolics contribute to the biological activity of Cannabis sativa extracts, with cannabinoids playing a central role in antimicrobial responses and stronger anti-inflammatory effect as a pure cannabinoid or as an extract. From this point of view, the cannabinoid-free chemotype V could be a valuable functional control for isolating the effects of cannabinoids, reinforcing the need for integrative analyses in evaluating the therapeutic potential of cannabis-derived formulations. © The Author(s) 2025.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Targeting the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L.: a comparison with chemotype V

Popis výsledku anglicky

Background: Non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. chemotypes have gained increasing interest due to their diverse profiles of bioactive compounds. While cannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), are known for their biological effects, the role of other cannabinoids such cannabichromene (CBC) remains underexplored as for chemotype V, which lacks in cannabinoids but is characterized by other minor phytochemicals. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined contributions of cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid phenolics to the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts derived from four C. sativa chemotypes, including a cannabinoid-free variant as a comparison. Methods: Ethanolic extracts were obtained from four hemp chemotypes: CBD-rich (CS1), CBG-rich (CS2), CBC-rich (CS3), and cannabinoid-free (CS4). Phytochemical profiling was conducted using UHPLC-HRMS. Antioxidant properties were assessed via DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through MIC, MBC, and time-kill assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages via gene expression analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators (IL1b, IL6, Cox2, IL10, IL1Ra). Results: Phytochemical analysis confirmed the chemotype-specific profiles, with CS3 showing the highest levels of canniprene and the early discovered 5-methoxy-dihydrodenbinobin. Antioxidant assays revealed that cannabinoids were the main contributors to radical scavenging capacity, though CS3 exhibited additional ferric ion reducing power likely due to non-cannabinoid phenolics. Antibacterial activity was confined to Gram-positive bacteria, where CS1 showed the highest efficacy, and CS4 showed no activity, highlighting the critical role of cannabinoids. All extracts reduced LPS-induced Il1b, Il6, and Cox2 gene expression, but only cannabinoid-rich extracts upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL10 and IL1Ra, indicating a cannabinoid-dependent effect. Conclusion: Both cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid phenolics contribute to the biological activity of Cannabis sativa extracts, with cannabinoids playing a central role in antimicrobial responses and stronger anti-inflammatory effect as a pure cannabinoid or as an extract. From this point of view, the cannabinoid-free chemotype V could be a valuable functional control for isolating the effects of cannabinoids, reinforcing the need for integrative analyses in evaluating the therapeutic potential of cannabis-derived formulations. © The Author(s) 2025.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

30104 - Pharmacology and pharmacy

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2025

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Journal of Cannabis Research

ISSN

2522-5782

e-ISSN

2522-5782

Svazek periodika

7

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

21 October 2025

Stát vydavatele periodika

GB - Spojené království Velké Británie a Severního Irska

Počet stran výsledku

12

Strana od-do

nestránkováno

Kód UT WoS článku

001598057300001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-105019380017