Processing and Development of Porous Titanium for Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F61989100%3A27360%2F25%3A10259442" target="_blank" >RIV/61989100:27360/25:10259442 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/12/401" target="_blank" >https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/12/401</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp9120401" target="_blank" >10.3390/jmmp9120401</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Processing and Development of Porous Titanium for Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used in orthopedic applications, including total hip and knee replacements, bone plates, and dental implants, because of their superior biocompatibility, bioactivity, corrosion resistance, and mechanical robustness. These alloys effectively overcome several limitations of conventional metallic implants, such as 316L stainless steel and Co-Cr alloys, particularly with respect to corrosion, fatigue performance, and biological response. However, dense Ti alloys possess a relatively high elastic modulus, which can cause stress shielding in load-bearing applications. This challenge has motivated significant research toward engineered porous Ti structures that exhibit a reduced and bone-matched modulus while preserving adequate mechanical integrity. This review provides a comprehensive examination of powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing approaches used to fabricate porous Ti and Ti-alloy scaffolds, including additive manufacturing and different powder metallurgy techniques. Processing routes are compared in terms of achievable porosity, pore size distribution, microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and biological outcomes, with emphasis on the relationship between processing parameters, pore architecture, and functional performance. The reported findings indicate that optimized powder-metallurgy techniques can generate interconnected pores in the 100-500 mu m range suitable for osseointegration while maintaining compressive strengths of 50-300 MPa, whereas additive manufacturing enables the precise control of hierarchical architectures but requires careful post-processing to remove adhered powder, stabilize microstructures, and ensure corrosion and wear resistance. In addition, this review integrates fundamental aspects of bone biology and bone implant interaction to contextualize the functional requirements of porous Ti scaffolds.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Processing and Development of Porous Titanium for Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Popis výsledku anglicky

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used in orthopedic applications, including total hip and knee replacements, bone plates, and dental implants, because of their superior biocompatibility, bioactivity, corrosion resistance, and mechanical robustness. These alloys effectively overcome several limitations of conventional metallic implants, such as 316L stainless steel and Co-Cr alloys, particularly with respect to corrosion, fatigue performance, and biological response. However, dense Ti alloys possess a relatively high elastic modulus, which can cause stress shielding in load-bearing applications. This challenge has motivated significant research toward engineered porous Ti structures that exhibit a reduced and bone-matched modulus while preserving adequate mechanical integrity. This review provides a comprehensive examination of powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing approaches used to fabricate porous Ti and Ti-alloy scaffolds, including additive manufacturing and different powder metallurgy techniques. Processing routes are compared in terms of achievable porosity, pore size distribution, microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and biological outcomes, with emphasis on the relationship between processing parameters, pore architecture, and functional performance. The reported findings indicate that optimized powder-metallurgy techniques can generate interconnected pores in the 100-500 mu m range suitable for osseointegration while maintaining compressive strengths of 50-300 MPa, whereas additive manufacturing enables the precise control of hierarchical architectures but requires careful post-processing to remove adhered powder, stabilize microstructures, and ensure corrosion and wear resistance. In addition, this review integrates fundamental aspects of bone biology and bone implant interaction to contextualize the functional requirements of porous Ti scaffolds.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

20500 - Materials engineering

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

O - Projekt operacniho programu

Rok uplatnění

2025

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing

ISSN

2504-4494

e-ISSN

2504-4494

Svazek periodika

9

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

12

Stát vydavatele periodika

CH - Švýcarská konfederace

Počet stran výsledku

45

Strana od-do

nestránkováno

Kód UT WoS článku

001646758200001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

—