Polioptimization in sports training

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

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Výsledek na webu

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DOI - Digital Object Identifier

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Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Polioptimization in sports training

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

The analysis of world literature on the subject of sports training shows that there have been attempts to apply optimization for the purpose of solving complex phenomena concerning various sports disciplines (Łotyszkiewicz 1990, Jacenko 1990, Bondarczuk, Szurepow 1990). These authors treat sports training as a coherent structure, which means the one in which everything is the result of some stimulus. In the cases analyzed training load is considered as the stimulus while the sports result is the effect. Any action which is beyond control is believed to be interference. As the research shows, training is a dynamic complex process which may be perceived in many scales and dimensions: of an individual or a team, a cycle of various time length or of various types of training tasks. The notion of scale refers not only to time, but also to other factors such as information or action. Therefore, different periods of training require different information. For different scales of ensight the profiles of control variables will be different. Thus, each scale of training activity has different aims formulated as criteria. These criteria are functionals and that is why the concept of optimizations based on the extremalization of these functionals. According to Ważny (1981) sports training should be perceived as a multilevel hierarchical structure of actions. Individual levels of this hierarchy represent different scales. Depending on the level of these actions different decisions will be made and different results expected. Therefor a sportsman at each and every stage of his development must receive adequate information on the form of appropriately chosen training means, fitness means, support products and control of results. Sports training is a dynamic process. Dynamics does not imply only variability in time but also a very specific means of a cause (calculated on the basis of a mathematical model of training load) becoming effect (sports result) As literature shows (Rygula 2000) in the analysis of dynamic processes we must not be limited to the observation of states at selected moments of time, because what is important is the overall sequence of changes, which is defined by a complex, lasting cause- effect relationship. Optimum control of training is achieved through a system of feedback between individual elements of the training process. Sensible training, where decisions are made on the basis of a mathematical model allow for the optimization of the training process. The mathematical model is an element common to the overall structure. Through its application we can identify, and which follows, optimize particular stages of training and thus influence final results of individual sportsmen. On such grounds we may return to the starting point and attempt to identify a theoretical model of a champion. It should be mentioned here that time is a very important factor in the analysis of a dynamic process. Unfortunatelly it has been deeply underestimated in the research (Perl 1997). The relationship between training load and bodily reactions to it is very frequently viewed in too static a manner and perceived as a simple sequence. (Ippolitow, Czeburaiew 1998) So far models of training systems (sports competition) presented by Ważny (1981), Naglak (1984), Kozioł (1983) and others, are ideographic models with relational structure, which in the process of conceptualization should be transformed into operational models (Rygula 2000). Such models will allow for performing exact mathematical operations aimed at solving problems connected with sports training. Therefor first we should present how by means of the language of formal logic and tools of the theory of multiplicity we can proceed from ideographic models to mathematical models of sports training. Next the structure of such a model shall be presented, its calculations and verification on the basis of measurable and immeasurable sports disciplines. Having such mathematical models of sports training it should be possible to establish optimal control for individual sportsmen at any particular stage of the training process. Application of the model of optimization should allow for the comparison of individual stages of training as far as their efficiency is concerned and select the one which, on the basis of the criterion chosen, is the most effective for a particular individual. The aim of this study was to present methods of determining optimum control taking into account multicriteria.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Polioptimization in sports training

Popis výsledku anglicky

The analysis of world literature on the subject of sports training shows that there have been attempts to apply optimization for the purpose of solving complex phenomena concerning various sports disciplines (Łotyszkiewicz 1990, Jacenko 1990, Bondarczuk, Szurepow 1990). These authors treat sports training as a coherent structure, which means the one in which everything is the result of some stimulus. In the cases analyzed training load is considered as the stimulus while the sports result is the effect. Any action which is beyond control is believed to be interference. As the research shows, training is a dynamic complex process which may be perceived in many scales and dimensions: of an individual or a team, a cycle of various time length or of various types of training tasks. The notion of scale refers not only to time, but also to other factors such as information or action. Therefore, different periods of training require different information. For different scales of ensight the profiles of control variables will be different. Thus, each scale of training activity has different aims formulated as criteria. These criteria are functionals and that is why the concept of optimizations based on the extremalization of these functionals. According to Ważny (1981) sports training should be perceived as a multilevel hierarchical structure of actions. Individual levels of this hierarchy represent different scales. Depending on the level of these actions different decisions will be made and different results expected. Therefor a sportsman at each and every stage of his development must receive adequate information on the form of appropriately chosen training means, fitness means, support products and control of results. Sports training is a dynamic process. Dynamics does not imply only variability in time but also a very specific means of a cause (calculated on the basis of a mathematical model of training load) becoming effect (sports result) As literature shows (Rygula 2000) in the analysis of dynamic processes we must not be limited to the observation of states at selected moments of time, because what is important is the overall sequence of changes, which is defined by a complex, lasting cause- effect relationship. Optimum control of training is achieved through a system of feedback between individual elements of the training process. Sensible training, where decisions are made on the basis of a mathematical model allow for the optimization of the training process. The mathematical model is an element common to the overall structure. Through its application we can identify, and which follows, optimize particular stages of training and thus influence final results of individual sportsmen. On such grounds we may return to the starting point and attempt to identify a theoretical model of a champion. It should be mentioned here that time is a very important factor in the analysis of a dynamic process. Unfortunatelly it has been deeply underestimated in the research (Perl 1997). The relationship between training load and bodily reactions to it is very frequently viewed in too static a manner and perceived as a simple sequence. (Ippolitow, Czeburaiew 1998) So far models of training systems (sports competition) presented by Ważny (1981), Naglak (1984), Kozioł (1983) and others, are ideographic models with relational structure, which in the process of conceptualization should be transformed into operational models (Rygula 2000). Such models will allow for performing exact mathematical operations aimed at solving problems connected with sports training. Therefor first we should present how by means of the language of formal logic and tools of the theory of multiplicity we can proceed from ideographic models to mathematical models of sports training. Next the structure of such a model shall be presented, its calculations and verification on the basis of measurable and immeasurable sports disciplines. Having such mathematical models of sports training it should be possible to establish optimal control for individual sportsmen at any particular stage of the training process. Application of the model of optimization should allow for the comparison of individual stages of training as far as their efficiency is concerned and select the one which, on the basis of the criterion chosen, is the most effective for a particular individual. The aim of this study was to present methods of determining optimum control taking into account multicriteria.

Druh

C - Kapitola v odborné knize

CEP obor

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OECD FORD obor

30306 - Sport and fitness sciences

Projekt

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Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2018

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název knihy nebo sborníku

Physical Activity and Functional Efficiency in Sport and Recreation

ISBN

978-83-951494-0-5

Počet stran výsledku

17

Strana od-do

136-152

Počet stran knihy

190

Název nakladatele

Wydawnictwo Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej w Raciborzu

Místo vydání

Raciborz

Kód UT WoS kapitoly

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