Identification of factors affecting the properties of soils contaminated with Zn(II) and Cu(II) chlorides

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F62156489%3A43210%2F25%3A43926758" target="_blank" >RIV/62156489:43210/25:43926758 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-025-03995-y" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-025-03995-y</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-025-03995-y" target="_blank" >10.1007/s11368-025-03995-y</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Identification of factors affecting the properties of soils contaminated with Zn(II) and Cu(II) chlorides

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Purpose: Understanding soil properties is essential for effective remediation planning and implementation under diverse environmental conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate how initial soil physicochemical properties influence changes after contamination with ZnCl1 and CuCl1 and to identify key properties that undergo the most significant changes. Materials and methods: The chemical properties (Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, chloride concentration ClMINUS SIGN , pHKCl,) and physical properties (specific surface area SSA (water sorption test method), SSAbm (methylene blue method), clay, silt, sand, the effective diameters: d10, d50, organic matter OM) of 42 different soil samples before and after contamination were studied. Metal concentrations were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and particle size distribution was analyzed by laser diffraction (LD). Factor analysis (FA) was used to determine which parameters change in response to contamination. Results: Physicochemical properties of soils before contamination influence changes after ZnCl2 or CuCl2, leading to complex interactions. The FA showed significant variations in d10, d50, pH, and SSA in contaminated soils. In clays and silty clays (pH 6.7-7.6, d10 1.63-2.55 μm, d50 11.93-20.82 μm), contamination reduced d10, d50, and pH. Soils with SSA GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO 138.2 m2/g (after ZnCl2) adsorb more Zn and ClMINUS SIGN but may release higher Zn in pH LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 6.42. Soils with SSA ~ 100 m2/g (pH 3.75-4.22) showed no significant physical changes after ZnCl2. For CuCl2, soils with SSA GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO 114.5 m2/g retain Cu and ClMINUS SIGN better, while soils with SSA 86.8-105.7 m2/g may release more mobile Cu at pH = 7.55. Contamination increases Cu, Ni (after ZnCl2), and Zn, Ni (after CuCl2) concentrations, with Pb levels rising especially at pH GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO 4, with the presence of OM (after CuCl2). Conclusion:The initial properties of soils significantly influence their changes after contamination. Key factors include d10, d50, pH, and SSA. The reduction in d10 and d50 suggests that contaminants may form sediments or precipitate in soil pores, partially clogging them. Further research should assess the filtration coefficient, as it is directly influenced by changes in d10 and d50, which, in turn, affect soil permeability and flow dynamics. The soils most resistant to contamination seem to be with SSA ~ 100 m2/g (pH 3.75-4.22) (in ZnCl2) or with SSA GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO 114.5 m2/g (in CuCl2). Secondary contaminants should be monitored, such as Cu and Ni (after ZnCl1), Zn and Ni (after in CuCl1), and Pb (after CuCl2 in the presence of OM).

Název v anglickém jazyce

Identification of factors affecting the properties of soils contaminated with Zn(II) and Cu(II) chlorides

Popis výsledku anglicky

Purpose: Understanding soil properties is essential for effective remediation planning and implementation under diverse environmental conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate how initial soil physicochemical properties influence changes after contamination with ZnCl1 and CuCl1 and to identify key properties that undergo the most significant changes. Materials and methods: The chemical properties (Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, chloride concentration ClMINUS SIGN , pHKCl,) and physical properties (specific surface area SSA (water sorption test method), SSAbm (methylene blue method), clay, silt, sand, the effective diameters: d10, d50, organic matter OM) of 42 different soil samples before and after contamination were studied. Metal concentrations were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and particle size distribution was analyzed by laser diffraction (LD). Factor analysis (FA) was used to determine which parameters change in response to contamination. Results: Physicochemical properties of soils before contamination influence changes after ZnCl2 or CuCl2, leading to complex interactions. The FA showed significant variations in d10, d50, pH, and SSA in contaminated soils. In clays and silty clays (pH 6.7-7.6, d10 1.63-2.55 μm, d50 11.93-20.82 μm), contamination reduced d10, d50, and pH. Soils with SSA GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO 138.2 m2/g (after ZnCl2) adsorb more Zn and ClMINUS SIGN but may release higher Zn in pH LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 6.42. Soils with SSA ~ 100 m2/g (pH 3.75-4.22) showed no significant physical changes after ZnCl2. For CuCl2, soils with SSA GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO 114.5 m2/g retain Cu and ClMINUS SIGN better, while soils with SSA 86.8-105.7 m2/g may release more mobile Cu at pH = 7.55. Contamination increases Cu, Ni (after ZnCl2), and Zn, Ni (after CuCl2) concentrations, with Pb levels rising especially at pH GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO 4, with the presence of OM (after CuCl2). Conclusion:The initial properties of soils significantly influence their changes after contamination. Key factors include d10, d50, pH, and SSA. The reduction in d10 and d50 suggests that contaminants may form sediments or precipitate in soil pores, partially clogging them. Further research should assess the filtration coefficient, as it is directly influenced by changes in d10 and d50, which, in turn, affect soil permeability and flow dynamics. The soils most resistant to contamination seem to be with SSA ~ 100 m2/g (pH 3.75-4.22) (in ZnCl2) or with SSA GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO 114.5 m2/g (in CuCl2). Secondary contaminants should be monitored, such as Cu and Ni (after ZnCl1), Zn and Ni (after in CuCl1), and Pb (after CuCl2 in the presence of OM).

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

40104 - Soil science

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2025

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Journal of Soils and Sediments

ISSN

1439-0108

e-ISSN

1614-7480

Svazek periodika

25

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

4

Stát vydavatele periodika

DE - Spolková republika Německo

Počet stran výsledku

26

Strana od-do

1175-1200

Kód UT WoS článku

001441641600001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-105003773168