Release of the third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis from Limax maximus under the stress stimulus

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

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Výsledek na webu

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DOI - Digital Object Identifier

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Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Release of the third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis from Limax maximus under the stress stimulus

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

The metastrongylid nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis is known to cause severe eosinophilic meningitis in a variety of poikilothermic hosts including humans. The infective third-stage larvae develop in a number of gastropods as intermediate hosts. Humans are usually infected by intentional or incidental ingestion of an infected snail or paratenic host (reptiles, amphibians). However, infection may also hypothetically occur through ingestion of food or water contaminated with third-stage larvae spontaneously released by snails and slugs. Larvae are thought to be released in greater numbers from the intermediate host exposed to stress stimuli, but there is little experimental evidence for this. The objective of this study was to compare larval release from gastropods with and without stress stimuli. Slugs Limax maximus were experimentally infected with first stage A. cantonensis larvae for two weeks and exposed to a stress stimulus. For this purpose, slugs were placed in plastic boxes on a shaker (130 rpm) for 4 hours at room temperature. The mucus produced was collected before and after the stress and then examined microscopically and by real-time PCR for the presence of A. cantonensis larvae/DNA. At the end of the experiment, the presence of A. cantonensis larvae in the experimental snails and slugs was confirmed by digestion and microscopy. In parallel, endemic wild-caught snails Plutonia lamarckii from an endemic infection focus of A. cantonensis in Tenerife were treated and examined in the same way. Although no larvae were detected microscopically in the collected mucus, real-time PCR analysis confirmed the presence of A. cantonensis DNA in all experimental replicates, with no differences between stressed and non-stressed molluscs. Our results suggest the possibility of spontaneous larval release; however, increased larval release from snails under stress was not confirmed. Apparently, mild stress stimuli of an intensity comparable to handling snails are irrelevant to the epidemiology of human meningitis caused by A. cantonensis.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Release of the third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis from Limax maximus under the stress stimulus

Popis výsledku anglicky

The metastrongylid nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis is known to cause severe eosinophilic meningitis in a variety of poikilothermic hosts including humans. The infective third-stage larvae develop in a number of gastropods as intermediate hosts. Humans are usually infected by intentional or incidental ingestion of an infected snail or paratenic host (reptiles, amphibians). However, infection may also hypothetically occur through ingestion of food or water contaminated with third-stage larvae spontaneously released by snails and slugs. Larvae are thought to be released in greater numbers from the intermediate host exposed to stress stimuli, but there is little experimental evidence for this. The objective of this study was to compare larval release from gastropods with and without stress stimuli. Slugs Limax maximus were experimentally infected with first stage A. cantonensis larvae for two weeks and exposed to a stress stimulus. For this purpose, slugs were placed in plastic boxes on a shaker (130 rpm) for 4 hours at room temperature. The mucus produced was collected before and after the stress and then examined microscopically and by real-time PCR for the presence of A. cantonensis larvae/DNA. At the end of the experiment, the presence of A. cantonensis larvae in the experimental snails and slugs was confirmed by digestion and microscopy. In parallel, endemic wild-caught snails Plutonia lamarckii from an endemic infection focus of A. cantonensis in Tenerife were treated and examined in the same way. Although no larvae were detected microscopically in the collected mucus, real-time PCR analysis confirmed the presence of A. cantonensis DNA in all experimental replicates, with no differences between stressed and non-stressed molluscs. Our results suggest the possibility of spontaneous larval release; however, increased larval release from snails under stress was not confirmed. Apparently, mild stress stimuli of an intensity comparable to handling snails are irrelevant to the epidemiology of human meningitis caused by A. cantonensis.

Druh

O - Ostatní výsledky

CEP obor

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OECD FORD obor

40301 - Veterinary science

Projekt

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Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2022

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů