Hints of Disk Substructure in the First Brown Dwarf with a Dynamical Mass Constraint

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F67985815%3A90106%2F25%3A00646436" target="_blank" >RIV/67985815:90106/25:00646436 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/add71f" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/add71f</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/add71f" target="_blank" >10.3847/2041-8213/add71f</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Hints of Disk Substructure in the First Brown Dwarf with a Dynamical Mass Constraint

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

We present high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations at 0.89 mm of the Class II brown dwarf 2MASS J04442713+2512164 (2M0444), achieving a spatial resolution of 0 .'' 046 (similar to 6.4 au at the distance to the source). These observations targeted continuum emission together with 12CO (3-2) molecular line. The line emission traces a Keplerian disk, allowing us to derive a dynamical mass between 0.043 and 0.092 M circle dot for the central object. We constrain the gas-to-dust disk size ratio to be similar to 7, consistent with efficient radial drift. However, the observed dust emission suggests that a dust trap is present, enough to retain some dust particles. We perform visibility fitting of the continuum emission, and under the assumption of annular substructure, our best fit shows a gap and a ring at 98.18.4+4.2 mas (similar to 14 au) and 116.04.8+4.2 mas (similar to 16 au), respectively, with a gap width of 20 mas (similar to 3 au). To ensure robustness, the data were analyzed through a variety of methods in both the image and uv planes, employing multiple codes and approaches. This tentative disk structure could be linked to a possible planetary companion in the process of formation. These results provide the first dynamical mass of the lowest mass object to date, together with the possible direct detection of a substructure, offering new insights into disk dynamics and planet formation in the very low-mass regime. Future higher spatial resolution ALMA observations will be essential to confirm these findings and further investigate the link between substructures and planet formation in brown dwarf disks.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Hints of Disk Substructure in the First Brown Dwarf with a Dynamical Mass Constraint

Popis výsledku anglicky

We present high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations at 0.89 mm of the Class II brown dwarf 2MASS J04442713+2512164 (2M0444), achieving a spatial resolution of 0 .'' 046 (similar to 6.4 au at the distance to the source). These observations targeted continuum emission together with 12CO (3-2) molecular line. The line emission traces a Keplerian disk, allowing us to derive a dynamical mass between 0.043 and 0.092 M circle dot for the central object. We constrain the gas-to-dust disk size ratio to be similar to 7, consistent with efficient radial drift. However, the observed dust emission suggests that a dust trap is present, enough to retain some dust particles. We perform visibility fitting of the continuum emission, and under the assumption of annular substructure, our best fit shows a gap and a ring at 98.18.4+4.2 mas (similar to 14 au) and 116.04.8+4.2 mas (similar to 16 au), respectively, with a gap width of 20 mas (similar to 3 au). To ensure robustness, the data were analyzed through a variety of methods in both the image and uv planes, employing multiple codes and approaches. This tentative disk structure could be linked to a possible planetary companion in the process of formation. These results provide the first dynamical mass of the lowest mass object to date, together with the possible direct detection of a substructure, offering new insights into disk dynamics and planet formation in the very low-mass regime. Future higher spatial resolution ALMA observations will be essential to confirm these findings and further investigate the link between substructures and planet formation in brown dwarf disks.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

10308 - Astronomy (including astrophysics,space science)

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

—

Rok uplatnění

2025

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Astrophysical Journal Letters

ISSN

2041-8205

e-ISSN

2041-8213

Svazek periodika

986

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

1

Stát vydavatele periodika

US - Spojené státy americké

Počet stran výsledku

15

Strana od-do

L11

Kód UT WoS článku

001503381100001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-105007802063