Shadows in Medieval Optics, Practical Geometry, and Astronomy. On a Perspectiva Ascribed to Thomas Bradwardine

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F67985955%3A_____%2F22%3A00559706" target="_blank" >RIV/67985955:_____/22:00559706 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20220044" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20220044</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20220044" target="_blank" >10.1163/15733823-20220044</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Shadows in Medieval Optics, Practical Geometry, and Astronomy. On a Perspectiva Ascribed to Thomas Bradwardine

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

In examining the roles of the shadow (umbra) in medieval science, this paper analyses a hitherto unstudied early fourteenth-century optical treatise with the incipit Perspectiva cum sit una (PCSU), which, on the basis of medieval evidence, may arguably be attributed to Thomas Bradwardine. The third part of this treatise, on shadows, presents the doctrine of three shadow shapes – a doctrine which was popular in pre-modern optics and astronomy and was important in explaining eclipses – as well as the theory of umbra recta and versa, parallels of (co)tangent functions, which were essential for (instrumental) measurements. While the bulk of the treatise draws on John Peckham’s Perspectiva communis, an extensive analysis of medieval canons to astronomical tables, manuals of practical geometry and texts on instruments leads us to Campanus of Novara’s Practica quadrantis as the chief source of the last chapter of PCSU. Finally, the paper reflects on whether the light-centred conception of optics embodied in the PCSU may echo an alternative current to the otherwise predominantly sight-centred approach in pre-modern optics.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Shadows in Medieval Optics, Practical Geometry, and Astronomy. On a Perspectiva Ascribed to Thomas Bradwardine

Popis výsledku anglicky

In examining the roles of the shadow (umbra) in medieval science, this paper analyses a hitherto unstudied early fourteenth-century optical treatise with the incipit Perspectiva cum sit una (PCSU), which, on the basis of medieval evidence, may arguably be attributed to Thomas Bradwardine. The third part of this treatise, on shadows, presents the doctrine of three shadow shapes – a doctrine which was popular in pre-modern optics and astronomy and was important in explaining eclipses – as well as the theory of umbra recta and versa, parallels of (co)tangent functions, which were essential for (instrumental) measurements. While the bulk of the treatise draws on John Peckham’s Perspectiva communis, an extensive analysis of medieval canons to astronomical tables, manuals of practical geometry and texts on instruments leads us to Campanus of Novara’s Practica quadrantis as the chief source of the last chapter of PCSU. Finally, the paper reflects on whether the light-centred conception of optics embodied in the PCSU may echo an alternative current to the otherwise predominantly sight-centred approach in pre-modern optics.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

60301 - Philosophy, History and Philosophy of science and technology

Projekt

<a href="/cs/project/GA19-16793S" target="_blank" >GA19-16793S: Filosofie na pražské univerzitě okolo roku 1409: Kvodlibet Matěje Knína jako křižovatka evropského středověkého vědění</a><br>

Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2022

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Early Science and Medicine

ISSN

1383-7427

e-ISSN

1573-3823

Svazek periodika

27

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

2

Stát vydavatele periodika

NL - Nizozemsko

Počet stran výsledku

45

Strana od-do

179-223

Kód UT WoS článku

000818919500004

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-85133513941