Sex-chrom v. 2.0: a database of green plant species with sex chromosomes

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F68081707%3A_____%2F23%3A00570209" target="_blank" >RIV/68081707:_____/23:00570209 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00412-023-00786-7" target="_blank" >https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00412-023-00786-7</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

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Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Sex-chrom v. 2.0: a database of green plant species with sex chromosomes

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Sex chromosomes primarily determine the sex of an individual and ensure a stable sex ratio at conception in animals or at fertilization in plants. Their sex-specific specialization and evolutionary stability vary greatly among species, defying generalizations, but usually a pair of sex chromosomes will carry sex-determining genes (Kamiya et al. 2012, Renner and Müller 2021, 2022 for reviews). In some cases, chromosomal sex determination instead involves a balance mechanism that “counts” the relative numbers of X chromosomes versus autosomes and triggers downstream pathways of male or female development as, for example, in Rumex species with X/0 sex chromosome systems (Zuk 1963, Navajas-Pérez et al. 2005). Research on the mechanisms of sex determination is rapidly expanding, and we here present version 2 of a database first released in 2019 (Baránková et al. 2020). The database summarizes studies for green plants published between 1919 and March 2022.nnBefore the onset of molecular-cytogenetic methods and genomic data, studies of plant sex chromosomes focused on microscopically distinct, heteromorphic chromosomes that were unique to either males or females in separate-sexed gametophytes or sporophytes (e.g., Westergaard 1940, Newton 1984, Ramsay and Berrie 1982). In species with microscopically homomorphic chromosomes, such as Asparagus, Ecballium, or Populus, chromosomal sex determination was inferred from sex ratios in family pedigrees and other evidence, such as differences in staining ability, different fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) signals of repetitive elements confined to a single chromosome in one of the two sexes, or viable crosses with close relatives that have highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Such approaches have been used, for example, to infer sex chromosomes in date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, using differential chromomycin staining in multiple individuals of each sex (Siljak-Yakovlev et al. 1996), in the liverwort Frullania dilatata using sex-specific distribution of FISH signals in the two sexes (Sousa et al. 2021), and in Silene heuffelii, where heteromorphic sex chromosomes have been inferred because the species crosses freely with S. latifolia, which has strongly dimorphic sex chromosomes (Prentice 1978). In Coccinia grandis, the eukaryote species with the largest extent of sex chromosomes heteromorphism known so far, Naudin (1859, 1862) successfully hybridized it with C. schimperi, suggesting that the latter species might also have heteromorphic sex chromosomes, something recently confirmed by cytogenetic work (Janousek et al. 2022).nnInformation on sex chromosome morphology can be difficult to access because cytogenetic studies have often been published in highly specialized journals, not all of which are completely digitized (back to the early twentieth century). This makes answering new research questions about plant sex chromosomes unnecessarily difficult. For example, differences in chromosome size and morphology between sexes may relate to differences in organismal longevity (see Marais and Lemaître 2022), but obtaining the relevant data on either homomorphic or heteromorphic chromosomes in XY, ZW, and UV systems or plant longevity is fraught with difficulties.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Sex-chrom v. 2.0: a database of green plant species with sex chromosomes

Popis výsledku anglicky

Sex chromosomes primarily determine the sex of an individual and ensure a stable sex ratio at conception in animals or at fertilization in plants. Their sex-specific specialization and evolutionary stability vary greatly among species, defying generalizations, but usually a pair of sex chromosomes will carry sex-determining genes (Kamiya et al. 2012, Renner and Müller 2021, 2022 for reviews). In some cases, chromosomal sex determination instead involves a balance mechanism that “counts” the relative numbers of X chromosomes versus autosomes and triggers downstream pathways of male or female development as, for example, in Rumex species with X/0 sex chromosome systems (Zuk 1963, Navajas-Pérez et al. 2005). Research on the mechanisms of sex determination is rapidly expanding, and we here present version 2 of a database first released in 2019 (Baránková et al. 2020). The database summarizes studies for green plants published between 1919 and March 2022.nnBefore the onset of molecular-cytogenetic methods and genomic data, studies of plant sex chromosomes focused on microscopically distinct, heteromorphic chromosomes that were unique to either males or females in separate-sexed gametophytes or sporophytes (e.g., Westergaard 1940, Newton 1984, Ramsay and Berrie 1982). In species with microscopically homomorphic chromosomes, such as Asparagus, Ecballium, or Populus, chromosomal sex determination was inferred from sex ratios in family pedigrees and other evidence, such as differences in staining ability, different fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) signals of repetitive elements confined to a single chromosome in one of the two sexes, or viable crosses with close relatives that have highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Such approaches have been used, for example, to infer sex chromosomes in date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, using differential chromomycin staining in multiple individuals of each sex (Siljak-Yakovlev et al. 1996), in the liverwort Frullania dilatata using sex-specific distribution of FISH signals in the two sexes (Sousa et al. 2021), and in Silene heuffelii, where heteromorphic sex chromosomes have been inferred because the species crosses freely with S. latifolia, which has strongly dimorphic sex chromosomes (Prentice 1978). In Coccinia grandis, the eukaryote species with the largest extent of sex chromosomes heteromorphism known so far, Naudin (1859, 1862) successfully hybridized it with C. schimperi, suggesting that the latter species might also have heteromorphic sex chromosomes, something recently confirmed by cytogenetic work (Janousek et al. 2022).nnInformation on sex chromosome morphology can be difficult to access because cytogenetic studies have often been published in highly specialized journals, not all of which are completely digitized (back to the early twentieth century). This makes answering new research questions about plant sex chromosomes unnecessarily difficult. For example, differences in chromosome size and morphology between sexes may relate to differences in organismal longevity (see Marais and Lemaître 2022), but obtaining the relevant data on either homomorphic or heteromorphic chromosomes in XY, ZW, and UV systems or plant longevity is fraught with difficulties.

Druh

O - Ostatní výsledky

CEP obor

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OECD FORD obor

10608 - Biochemistry and molecular biology

Projekt

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Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2023

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů