Late Medieval and Early Modern Modifications of Regular Open Field Systems in Bohemia
Identifikátory výsledku
Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI
<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F68378076%3A_____%2F16%3A00467547" target="_blank" >RIV/68378076:_____/16:00467547 - isvavai.cz</a>
Výsledek na webu
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DOI - Digital Object Identifier
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Alternativní jazyky
Jazyk výsledku
angličtina
Název v původním jazyce
Late Medieval and Early Modern Modifications of Regular Open Field Systems in Bohemia
Popis výsledku v původním jazyce
The presented analyses provides extraordinary insight into the basic principles and arrangement of land division in Central Europe at the beginning of the Thirty Years War. It helps us to understand the impact of late medieval and early modern alterations of field systems, which considerably modified later arrangements. Two particularly impactful modifications were the late medieval construction of fish ponds, which turned meadows and adjacent fields into new water reservoirs, and the intensification of grain production on manors with the associated extension of demesne lands. Another crucial point in the development of the analysed field system is the devastating effect of the Thirty Years War as manifested in the desertion of both peasants’ and cottagers’ farmsteads. Land tenure was altered over the course of the conflict through the desertion of tillage of many plots and their subsequent reallocation to other farms. Analysed archival sources have allowed to document the desertion of many plots of arable land and to prove that before the war local deforestation reached an extent that has never been matched since. The magnitude of the changes in the land use ratio has never before been examined in the Czech Republic. To some extent, the chaotic restoration of farms, primarily during the 17th century, resulted in the land reform that unified and organized the land tenure of particular categories of farmsteads, namely peasants and cottagers. The reform modified in some cases the distribution of the given field system into particular furlongs. From a methodological perspective, the inadequacy of 18th- and 19th-century cadastral maps for studying European medieval field systems has been confirmed by the present analysis. This analysis is thus an important source of our current knowledge surrounding the types of modifications Central European cultural landscapes might have undergone during the early modern period.
Název v anglickém jazyce
Late Medieval and Early Modern Modifications of Regular Open Field Systems in Bohemia
Popis výsledku anglicky
The presented analyses provides extraordinary insight into the basic principles and arrangement of land division in Central Europe at the beginning of the Thirty Years War. It helps us to understand the impact of late medieval and early modern alterations of field systems, which considerably modified later arrangements. Two particularly impactful modifications were the late medieval construction of fish ponds, which turned meadows and adjacent fields into new water reservoirs, and the intensification of grain production on manors with the associated extension of demesne lands. Another crucial point in the development of the analysed field system is the devastating effect of the Thirty Years War as manifested in the desertion of both peasants’ and cottagers’ farmsteads. Land tenure was altered over the course of the conflict through the desertion of tillage of many plots and their subsequent reallocation to other farms. Analysed archival sources have allowed to document the desertion of many plots of arable land and to prove that before the war local deforestation reached an extent that has never been matched since. The magnitude of the changes in the land use ratio has never before been examined in the Czech Republic. To some extent, the chaotic restoration of farms, primarily during the 17th century, resulted in the land reform that unified and organized the land tenure of particular categories of farmsteads, namely peasants and cottagers. The reform modified in some cases the distribution of the given field system into particular furlongs. From a methodological perspective, the inadequacy of 18th- and 19th-century cadastral maps for studying European medieval field systems has been confirmed by the present analysis. This analysis is thus an important source of our current knowledge surrounding the types of modifications Central European cultural landscapes might have undergone during the early modern period.
Klasifikace
Druh
J<sub>x</sub> - Nezařazeno - Článek v odborném periodiku (Jimp, Jsc a Jost)
CEP obor
AC - Archeologie, antropologie, etnologie
OECD FORD obor
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Návaznosti výsledku
Projekt
<a href="/cs/project/GAP410%2F11%2F1287" target="_blank" >GAP410/11/1287: Etnografický atlas Čech, Moravy a Slezska : Lidová architektura, sídla a bydlení</a><br>
Návaznosti
I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace
Ostatní
Rok uplatnění
2016
Kód důvěrnosti údajů
S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů
Údaje specifické pro druh výsledku
Název periodika
Bohemia. Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur der böhmischen Länder
ISSN
0523-8587
e-ISSN
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Svazek periodika
56
Číslo periodika v rámci svazku
1
Stát vydavatele periodika
DE - Spolková republika Německo
Počet stran výsledku
27
Strana od-do
35-61
Kód UT WoS článku
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EID výsledku v databázi Scopus
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