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Late Medieval and Early Modern Modifications of Regular Open Field Systems in Bohemia

Identifikátory výsledku

  • Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

    <a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F68378076%3A_____%2F16%3A00467547" target="_blank" >RIV/68378076:_____/16:00467547 - isvavai.cz</a>

  • Výsledek na webu

  • DOI - Digital Object Identifier

Alternativní jazyky

  • Jazyk výsledku

    angličtina

  • Název v původním jazyce

    Late Medieval and Early Modern Modifications of Regular Open Field Systems in Bohemia

  • Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

    The presented analyses provides extraordinary insight into the basic principles and arrangement of land division in Central Europe at the beginning of the Thirty Years War. It helps us to understand the impact of late medieval and early modern alterations of field systems, which considerably modified later arrangements. Two particularly impactful modifications were the late medieval construction of fish ponds, which turned meadows and adjacent fields into new water reservoirs, and the intensification of grain production on manors with the associated extension of demesne lands. Another crucial point in the development of the analysed field system is the devastating effect of the Thirty Years War as manifested in the desertion of both peasants’ and cottagers’ farmsteads. Land tenure was altered over the course of the conflict through the desertion of tillage of many plots and their subsequent reallocation to other farms. Analysed archival sources have allowed to document the desertion of many plots of arable land and to prove that before the war local deforestation reached an extent that has never been matched since. The magnitude of the changes in the land use ratio has never before been examined in the Czech Republic. To some extent, the chaotic restoration of farms, primarily during the 17th century, resulted in the land reform that unified and organized the land tenure of particular categories of farmsteads, namely peasants and cottagers. The reform modified in some cases the distribution of the given field system into particular furlongs. From a methodological perspective, the inadequacy of 18th- and 19th-century cadastral maps for studying European medieval field systems has been confirmed by the present analysis. This analysis is thus an important source of our current knowledge surrounding the types of modifications Central European cultural landscapes might have undergone during the early modern period.

  • Název v anglickém jazyce

    Late Medieval and Early Modern Modifications of Regular Open Field Systems in Bohemia

  • Popis výsledku anglicky

    The presented analyses provides extraordinary insight into the basic principles and arrangement of land division in Central Europe at the beginning of the Thirty Years War. It helps us to understand the impact of late medieval and early modern alterations of field systems, which considerably modified later arrangements. Two particularly impactful modifications were the late medieval construction of fish ponds, which turned meadows and adjacent fields into new water reservoirs, and the intensification of grain production on manors with the associated extension of demesne lands. Another crucial point in the development of the analysed field system is the devastating effect of the Thirty Years War as manifested in the desertion of both peasants’ and cottagers’ farmsteads. Land tenure was altered over the course of the conflict through the desertion of tillage of many plots and their subsequent reallocation to other farms. Analysed archival sources have allowed to document the desertion of many plots of arable land and to prove that before the war local deforestation reached an extent that has never been matched since. The magnitude of the changes in the land use ratio has never before been examined in the Czech Republic. To some extent, the chaotic restoration of farms, primarily during the 17th century, resulted in the land reform that unified and organized the land tenure of particular categories of farmsteads, namely peasants and cottagers. The reform modified in some cases the distribution of the given field system into particular furlongs. From a methodological perspective, the inadequacy of 18th- and 19th-century cadastral maps for studying European medieval field systems has been confirmed by the present analysis. This analysis is thus an important source of our current knowledge surrounding the types of modifications Central European cultural landscapes might have undergone during the early modern period.

Klasifikace

  • Druh

    J<sub>x</sub> - Nezařazeno - Článek v odborném periodiku (Jimp, Jsc a Jost)

  • CEP obor

    AC - Archeologie, antropologie, etnologie

  • OECD FORD obor

Návaznosti výsledku

  • Projekt

    <a href="/cs/project/GAP410%2F11%2F1287" target="_blank" >GAP410/11/1287: Etnografický atlas Čech, Moravy a Slezska : Lidová architektura, sídla a bydlení</a><br>

  • Návaznosti

    I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Ostatní

  • Rok uplatnění

    2016

  • Kód důvěrnosti údajů

    S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Údaje specifické pro druh výsledku

  • Název periodika

    Bohemia. Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur der böhmischen Länder

  • ISSN

    0523-8587

  • e-ISSN

  • Svazek periodika

    56

  • Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

    1

  • Stát vydavatele periodika

    DE - Spolková republika Německo

  • Počet stran výsledku

    27

  • Strana od-do

    35-61

  • Kód UT WoS článku

  • EID výsledku v databázi Scopus