Mass composition from 3 EeV to 100 EeV using the depth of the maximum of air-shower profiles estimated with deep learning using surface detector data of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F68378271%3A_____%2F24%3A00635906" target="_blank" >RIV/68378271:_____/24:00635906 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://pos.sissa.it/444/278/pdf" target="_blank" >https://pos.sissa.it/444/278/pdf</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.444.0278" target="_blank" >10.22323/1.444.0278</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Mass composition from 3 EeV to 100 EeV using the depth of the maximum of air-shower profiles estimated with deep learning using surface detector data of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

We present a new analysis for estimating the depth of the maximum of air-shower profiles, Xmax , to investigate the evolution of the ultra-high-energy cosmic ray mass composition from 3 to 100 EeV. We use a recently developed deep-learning-based technique for the reconstruction of Xmax from the data of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. To avoid systematic uncertainties arising from hadronic interaction models in the simulation of surface detector data, we calibrate the new reconstruction technique with observations of the fluorescence detector. Using the novel analysis, we have a 10-fold increase of statistics at E>5 EeV with respect to fluorescence detector data. We are able, for the first time, to study the evolution of the mean and standard deviation of the Xmax distributions up to 100 EeV. We find an excellent agreement with fluorescence observations and confirm the increase of the mean logarithmic mass <lnA> and a decrease of the Xmax fluctuations with energy. The Xmax measurement at the highest --- so far inaccessible --- energies is consistent with a pure mass composition and a mean logarithmic mass of around ∼3 (estimated using the Sibyll 2.3d and the EPOS-LHC hadronic interaction models). Furthermore, with the increase in statistics, we find indications for a structure beyond a constant elongation rate in the evolution of Xmax.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Mass composition from 3 EeV to 100 EeV using the depth of the maximum of air-shower profiles estimated with deep learning using surface detector data of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Popis výsledku anglicky

We present a new analysis for estimating the depth of the maximum of air-shower profiles, Xmax , to investigate the evolution of the ultra-high-energy cosmic ray mass composition from 3 to 100 EeV. We use a recently developed deep-learning-based technique for the reconstruction of Xmax from the data of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. To avoid systematic uncertainties arising from hadronic interaction models in the simulation of surface detector data, we calibrate the new reconstruction technique with observations of the fluorescence detector. Using the novel analysis, we have a 10-fold increase of statistics at E>5 EeV with respect to fluorescence detector data. We are able, for the first time, to study the evolution of the mean and standard deviation of the Xmax distributions up to 100 EeV. We find an excellent agreement with fluorescence observations and confirm the increase of the mean logarithmic mass <lnA> and a decrease of the Xmax fluctuations with energy. The Xmax measurement at the highest --- so far inaccessible --- energies is consistent with a pure mass composition and a mean logarithmic mass of around ∼3 (estimated using the Sibyll 2.3d and the EPOS-LHC hadronic interaction models). Furthermore, with the increase in statistics, we find indications for a structure beyond a constant elongation rate in the evolution of Xmax.

Druh

D - Stať ve sborníku

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

10303 - Particles and field physics

Projekt

Výsledek vznikl pri realizaci vícero projektů. Více informací v záložce Projekty.

Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2024

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název statě ve sborníku

Proceedings of Science

ISBN

—

ISSN

1824-8039

e-ISSN

—

Počet stran výsledku

13

Strana od-do

278

Název nakladatele

Sissa Medilab srl

Místo vydání

Trieste

Místo konání akce

Nagoya

Datum konání akce

26. 7. 2023

Typ akce podle státní příslušnosti

WRD - Celosvětová akce

Kód UT WoS článku

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