The tearing energy threshold of crack growth in rubber exposed to ozone: an experimental–numerical approach

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F70883521%3A28110%2F24%3A63579879" target="_blank" >RIV/70883521:28110/24:63579879 - isvavai.cz</a>

Nalezeny alternativní kódy

RIV/70883521:28610/24:63579879

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10704-024-00799-y" target="_blank" >https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10704-024-00799-y</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10704-024-00799-y" target="_blank" >10.1007/s10704-024-00799-y</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

The tearing energy threshold of crack growth in rubber exposed to ozone: an experimental–numerical approach

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

The global rubber industry is seeking alternatives to the widely-used antiozonant, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), due to its environmental toxicity concerns when used in automobile tires. These substantial research and development efforts on new antiozonants for rubber are hindered by a general inability to characterize the fundamental physical parameter of ozone-induced tearing energy threshold for crack growth, which underlies the practical ozone resistance of rubber products. Therefore, this paper presents, for the first time, a novel experimental–numerical combined approach to determine the tearing energy threshold in rubber exposed to ozone, which is a key criterion for assessing the resistance of rubber to ozone crack growth. The approach is based on in-situ optical analysis of ozone crack growth on the rubber surface and the determination of the crack growth rate when the rubber is stretched. Subsequently, the growth rates form the basis for calculating the energy release rates at the crack tips using the finite element method in Ansys software. By comparing the calculated energy release rates and experimentally measured crack growth rates, the energy release rate interval corresponding to the threshold tearing energy is determined. Based on this approach, the tearing energy threshold for carbon black reinforced natural rubber exposed to ozone was found to be a maximum of 2.12 J/m2. This value is 96% lower than the threshold for the non-ozone-exposed specimens. In conclusion, this novel methodology was able to determine the ozone threshold tearing energy and represents a powerful, unique tool for an efficient future development of environmentally friendly antiozonants.

Název v anglickém jazyce

The tearing energy threshold of crack growth in rubber exposed to ozone: an experimental–numerical approach

Popis výsledku anglicky

The global rubber industry is seeking alternatives to the widely-used antiozonant, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), due to its environmental toxicity concerns when used in automobile tires. These substantial research and development efforts on new antiozonants for rubber are hindered by a general inability to characterize the fundamental physical parameter of ozone-induced tearing energy threshold for crack growth, which underlies the practical ozone resistance of rubber products. Therefore, this paper presents, for the first time, a novel experimental–numerical combined approach to determine the tearing energy threshold in rubber exposed to ozone, which is a key criterion for assessing the resistance of rubber to ozone crack growth. The approach is based on in-situ optical analysis of ozone crack growth on the rubber surface and the determination of the crack growth rate when the rubber is stretched. Subsequently, the growth rates form the basis for calculating the energy release rates at the crack tips using the finite element method in Ansys software. By comparing the calculated energy release rates and experimentally measured crack growth rates, the energy release rate interval corresponding to the threshold tearing energy is determined. Based on this approach, the tearing energy threshold for carbon black reinforced natural rubber exposed to ozone was found to be a maximum of 2.12 J/m2. This value is 96% lower than the threshold for the non-ozone-exposed specimens. In conclusion, this novel methodology was able to determine the ozone threshold tearing energy and represents a powerful, unique tool for an efficient future development of environmentally friendly antiozonants.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

20501 - Materials engineering

Projekt

<a href="/cs/project/EF19_073%2F0016941" target="_blank" >EF19_073/0016941: Juniorské granty UTB ve Zlíně</a><br>

Návaznosti

P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)

Rok uplatnění

2024

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

International Journal Of Fracture

ISSN

0376-9429

e-ISSN

1573-2673

Svazek periodika

248

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

1-3

Stát vydavatele periodika

NL - Nizozemsko

Počet stran výsledku

18

Strana od-do

49-66

Kód UT WoS článku

001247074100001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-85195835458