Schwarzenberská krajina Hlubocka a Třeboňska. Proměna krajiny na vybraných Schwarzenberských panstvích mezi lety 1660-1930

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

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Výsledek na webu

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DOI - Digital Object Identifier

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Jazyk výsledku

čeština

Název v původním jazyce

Schwarzenberská krajina Hlubocka a Třeboňska. Proměna krajiny na vybraných Schwarzenberských panstvích mezi lety 1660-1930

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Kniha přináší poznatky o důležitých aspektech tradičního způsobu formování kulturní krajiny a také proměnách krajiny těchto dvou regionů, bývalých schwarzenberských panství, v průběhu téměř tří století. Autoři knihy se zaměřili nejen na krajinu, která byla nejen proměňujícím se prostorem pro činnost panství, ale i jevištěm pro reprezentaci a rekreaci členů schwarzenberského rodu. První kapitola naznačuje v chronologickém sledu proměny krajiny a dvou hlavních schwarzenberských sídel regionů – třeboňského a hlubockého zámku od počátku 17. století až do třicátých let 20. století. Druhá kapitola odpovídá na otázky ovlivňování proměn v uspořádání zahrad a krajinářské úpravy v blízkosti sídel ze strany členů jednotlivých generací rodu Schwarzenbergů v obou regionech jižních Čech. Třetí kapitola připomenula obrazy schwarzenberského Ferdinana Runka ( 1764-1834), díky jehož obrazům můžeme sledovat a porovnávat změny třeboňské a hlubocké krajiny, ale vnímat i život prostých lidí i zábavu aristokracie v krajině na počátku 19. století. Další kapitoly se zabývají odpovědí na otázku, jakým způsobem ovlivnily jihočeskou krajinu obory, vrchnostenské dvory, myslivny, hájovny, obory. Toto přírodní bohatství, bylo zázemím pro pořádání loveckých akcí, které se staly základem slavných loveckých tradic, kterými schwarzenberské panství na jihu Čech proslulo. Obliba honů, často hraničící až s loveckou vášní, našla svůj praktický odraz v pořízení a postupném shromáždění několika stovek loveckých zbraní a jejich příslušenství. Inspirací k výzkumu průběhu a organizace honů v roce 1865 na hlubockém a třeboňském panství byly dva obrazy schwarzenberské lovecké společnosti malované v blízkosti hlubockého zámku vídeňským malířem Karlem Coeblem v roce 1865. Místní krajina poskytovala Schwarzenbergům při jejich pobytech v jižních Čechách kromě účasti na honech i prostor pro celou řadu rekreačních aktivit, jakým byl šerm, tenis, jízda na koni, později projížďky automobilem či bruslení. Krajina Hlubocka a Třeboňska se během staletí stala i svědkem svateb, oslav významných výročí, přijímání významných návštěvníků, ale i otevírání bran zámků prostým turistům. Návštěvy členů císařské rodiny byly spíš výjimečné. Vedle kaplí a božích muk zdobí krajinu Hlubocka a Třeboňska i památníky a pomníky k významným výročím nebo jen na připomenutí důležitých historických událostí vznikaly pomníky a památníky. Smrt, pohřby a pohřební průvody, které byly součástí tradice i okázalé reprezentace rodu. Jak a zda se odrazily charakteristické rysy schwarzenberské krajiny a života v ní i v soudobé literatuře se pokouší zodpovědět poslední kapitola této knihy.

Název v anglickém jazyce

The Schwarzenberg Landscape of the Hluboká and Třeboň. The transformation of the landscape of the selected Schwarzenberg estates between 1660-1930.

Popis výsledku anglicky

The book entitled The Schwarzenberg Landscape of the Hluboká and Třeboň Regions is the result of the research project named The Cultural Landscape as Space for the Social Representation and Relaxation of Select Aristocratic Families in the Period from the 17th Century to the Beginning of the 20th Century. The publication provides information on important aspects of the traditional method of forming the cultural landscape and on landscape transformations in these two regions, former Schwarzenberg domains, over the course of nearly three centuries. The work focuses primarily on a landscape that was not only a changing space for domain activity but also a stage for the representation and recreation of Schwarzenberg family members.The first chapter provides a chronology of the transformation of the landscape and the two main Schwarzenberg residences in the region – the Třeboň and Hluboká chateaux – from the beginning of the 17th century up to the 1930s. Selected paintings and prints are used for this purpose. The use of individual chateaux and stays by members of the nobility are also briefly mentioned. The second chapter addresses questions concerning changes in the layout of gardens and landscape modifications in the vicinity of the château residences. Landscape painter Ferdinand Runk (1764-1834) was employed by the Schwarzenbergs in the early 19th century, and while on a trip around Bohemian domains in their service in 1802 he made sketches that he later used to produce impressive gouache paintings. He painted more than 150 domain vedute up until his death. A total of 29 large farmsteads were located within the Schwarzenbergs’ important Hluboká and Třeboň domains. These aristocratic farmsteads, the largest historical rural properties, were used extensively over the centuries and still exist in the open landscape and in the built-up parts of villages. Although the beginnings of some of them stretch back to the turn of the 17th century, most were built between the later part of the 17th century and the end of the 19th century. All generations of the Schwarzenberg princely family contributed to their construction and modernisation. Family members were always interested in more than just the efficient agricultural management of the farmsteads; the beauty of the farm buildings was also a high priority. It is likely that all of the Schwarzenberg builders contributed to the architectural design and construction of new farmsteads. Incorporated into the structures of fields, meadows, pastures and alley-lined roads running to other prominent domain buildings and residences, the grounds of large farmsteads belong, despite certain unsensitive modern intrusions, to the essence of the local agrarian cultural landscape and make a strong contribution to its character. Beginning in the 17th century, the Schwarzenbergs made landscape modifications related to systematic plans involving the raising of wild game and the development of hunting. They held grand hunts that would end with thousands of kills. Wild game was raised in various types of hunting facilities, and a system for specialised and qualified forestry and hunting personnel was created. The most significant Baroque project of this type in the Hluboká domain was the founding of the Stará game park near Hluboká nad Vltavou. The Poněšice game park was then established on the right bank of the Vltava River in the 19th century. The Kolence game park dominated the Třeboň domain beginning in 1771. A dense network of gamekeeper’s lodges was also an integral part of the Třeboň and Hluboká landscape. Like the farmsteads themselves, the gamekeeper’s lodges were also built with both their function and beauty in mind. Hunting was one of the leading Schwarzenberg traditions, and grand hunts with thousands of kills were held in their domains. The Schwarzenbergs had virtually ideal natural conditions in south Bohemia for developing this essential aristocratic form of entertainment: vast forests, ponds and game parks with large numbers of wild animals. This natural bounty formed the backdrop for holding the hunting events that became the foundation for the famous Schwarzenberg hunting traditions in south Bohemia. The popularity of the sport, often bordering on passion, found its practical manifestation in the acquisition and gradual accumulation of several hundred hunting weapons and their accessories. Visible in their formal and technical transformations are the craftsmanship of their suppliers and the preferences of the Schwarzenberg customers. The Schwarzenberg collection of hunting weapons contains those made by prominent Austrian, German-Czech and Italian rifle makers. Serving as inspiration for a detailed study of the course and organisation of hunts in 1865 were two paintings of the Schwarzenberg hunting society, remarkable for their testimonial value, executed near Hluboká Château by Viennese painter Carl Goebel. In the mid-19th century, the hunting season in south Bohemia began in the first half of September. The family of Schwarzenberg princes would begin the season in the Třeboň domain and then, typically in the middle of October, move to the Hluboká domain, where they would remain until Christmas. After the holidays (usually as early as December 27th), they would move back to Třeboň, hunting until the end of January or the beginning of February. During their stays in south Bohemia, the local landscape also provided the Schwarzenbergs opportunities for a wide range of recreational activities like fencing, tennis and ice skating. Horseback riding ranked among the most traditional forms of entertainment. Afternoon rides in the château park were a daily ritual during stays at Hluboká, and the highborn riders would enjoy the fast pace on the racetrack built in Podskalská Meadow at the end of the 19th century. Ladies and older family members preferred rides in light carriages along the banks of the Hluboká ponds lined with oak alleys or in the château park. The first automobile – a French De Dietrich – was added to the ‘household’ in 1905; the youngest generation of Schwarzenbergs was naturally enthusiastic about the new means of transportation. The popularity of tennis in the family reflected English influences. Originally a purely male sport, in time it was also accepted as suitable for women, just like croquet and ice skating. A tennis court first appears in the garden on a plan of the château park at Hluboká from 1911. The study of the social life of the Schwarzenbergs and their contacts with the related members of other aristocratic families provides a wide range of research topics. Visits by members of the imperial family were quite rare. Besides the stay by Crown Prince Rudolph during the ceremonial completion of the château’s reconstruction and the participation of archdukes during the autumn hunting season, the emperor or his archdukes would only pass through the domain on the train from Vienna to Bohemia. Not counting the autumn hunting season, the organisation of social events and receiving important visitors, Hluboká Château typically remained empty and was used only occasionally. The only golden wedding anniversary in the Schwarzenberg family was celebrated at Hluboká Château on 3-4 June 1907 by Prince Adolf Josef of Schwarzenberg and his wife, Princess Ida of Liechtenstein. The grand celebration on the first day culminated with an evening lantern procession and fireworks in the château park. A memorial unveiled in the Kolence forest district in the Třeboň domain on 10 October 1907 commemorated the golden wedding anniversary of their employers and marked the opening of a new path called the Anniversary Trail.Memorials were built to commemorate important anniversaries or significant historical events. Prince Adolf Joseph and his wife Ida were enthusiastic supporters of the Order of Saint Hubert, which is commemorated in the landscape by several niche chapels with statues of this saint. In addition to chapels and wayside crosses, the Hluboká and Třeboň landscape is also decorated with memorials recalling prominent members of the Schwarzenberg family. Located in the Třeboň region near the crossroads of the forest trails named Third Alley and Prince John is a statue of St. Adolf by the Viennese sculptor Theodor Franz Maria Khuen (1860-1922), which was erected to mark Prince Adolf Josef’s eightieth birthday. Dozens of large and small sacred structures filled the landscape of the Schwarzenberg domains over the centuries. The construction of churches, chapels, niche chapels, free-standing statues and crosses expressed the deep piety, respect and desire for the presence of God in specific spaces. Funeral processions were part of the spectacular presentation of the family. The very first Schwarzenberg burial in the Czech Lands occurred in Třeboň on 4 March 1681, when Marie Justina of Schwarzenberg, née Starhemberg, was buried in the monastery Church of St. Giles. The remains of the members of the princely family were buried in this same church at the beginning of the 18th century. Prince Jan Nepomuk I of Schwarzenberg chose the cemetery Chapel of St. Giles in Třeboň-Domanín as the family’s new burial place. A glorious new tomb for the Schwarzenberg primogeniture was consecrated in July of 1877 near the banks of Svět Pond, and the remains of all the Schwarzenbergs buried in the Chapel of St. Giles were transferred to the site. The final chapter of this book attempts to discern if and how the characteristic traits of the Schwarzenberg landscape and life in it were reflected in contemporary literature.

Druh

B - Odborná kniha

CEP obor

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OECD FORD obor

60102 - Archaeology

Projekt

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Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2017

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

ISBN

978-80-85033-79-3

Počet stran knihy

287

Název nakladatele

Národní památkový ústav, územní odborné pracoviště v Českých Budějovicích

Místo vydání

České Budějovice

Kód UT WoS knihy

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