The use of powdered bismuth in Late Gothic painting and sculpture polychromy

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00007064%3AK01__%2F15%3A%230000150" target="_blank" >RIV/00007064:K01__/15:#0000150 - isvavai.cz</a>

Nalezeny alternativní kódy

RIV/68407700:21340/15:00225179 RIV/00023281:_____/15:#0000771

Výsledek na webu

<a href="http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S129620741400171X?via=sd&cc=y" target="_blank" >http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S129620741400171X?via=sd&cc=y</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2014.12.004" target="_blank" >10.1016/j.culher.2014.12.004</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

The use of powdered bismuth in Late Gothic painting and sculpture polychromy

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

tThis paper presents a material study of the altarpiece in the chapel at Kˇrivoklát (Pürglitz) Castle calledKˇrivoklát Ark (around 1480–1490), located in Central Bohemia, Czech Republic. The Kˇrivoklát Altarpieceis one of the most important works of Jagiellonian courtly art in Bohemia. It is decorated with polychromesculptures and panel paintings. An initial investigation of the gilded and silvered parts of the paintings,sculptures and architectural decor of the altarpiece was undertaken using a portable X-ray fluorescenceanalyser. Not only the expected metallic elements gold and silver were identified, but also bismuth.This surprising result led on to a complex study of the altarpiece, focused on the layered structure andthe method by which bismuth was used the paint layers under the metal-coated areas (under the goldand silver plating). The coating technique using bismuth powder in the Late Gothic period has alreadybeen described in scientific publications. However, our paper deals with a rare technique, i.e. the useof powdered bismuth in red bole and its plating with gold and silver leaf. Several micro-samples weretherefore taken from carefully selected parts of the altarpiece. Only a minimum amount of sample mate-rial was taken, due to the significance of altarpiece. The samples were then analyzed with optical andelectron microscopy, EDS analysis, micro-XRF, and other methods. The quantitative element mapping onthe cross-section of a micro-sample with gilding showed distributions of several elements (Bi, Au, Fe, Al,Ca); this means that the presence of bismuth grains in the red layer under the gilding leaf was proven.Interdisciplinary cooperation and a combination of microscopic and spectral methods have enabled usto describe this unique late Gothic gilding technique, in which metallic bismuth was intentionally usedto affect the color scheme of the coated areas in paintings and polychrome sculptures.

Název v anglickém jazyce

The use of powdered bismuth in Late Gothic painting and sculpture polychromy

Popis výsledku anglicky

tThis paper presents a material study of the altarpiece in the chapel at Kˇrivoklát (Pürglitz) Castle calledKˇrivoklát Ark (around 1480–1490), located in Central Bohemia, Czech Republic. The Kˇrivoklát Altarpieceis one of the most important works of Jagiellonian courtly art in Bohemia. It is decorated with polychromesculptures and panel paintings. An initial investigation of the gilded and silvered parts of the paintings,sculptures and architectural decor of the altarpiece was undertaken using a portable X-ray fluorescenceanalyser. Not only the expected metallic elements gold and silver were identified, but also bismuth.This surprising result led on to a complex study of the altarpiece, focused on the layered structure andthe method by which bismuth was used the paint layers under the metal-coated areas (under the goldand silver plating). The coating technique using bismuth powder in the Late Gothic period has alreadybeen described in scientific publications. However, our paper deals with a rare technique, i.e. the useof powdered bismuth in red bole and its plating with gold and silver leaf. Several micro-samples weretherefore taken from carefully selected parts of the altarpiece. Only a minimum amount of sample mate-rial was taken, due to the significance of altarpiece. The samples were then analyzed with optical andelectron microscopy, EDS analysis, micro-XRF, and other methods. The quantitative element mapping onthe cross-section of a micro-sample with gilding showed distributions of several elements (Bi, Au, Fe, Al,Ca); this means that the presence of bismuth grains in the red layer under the gilding leaf was proven.Interdisciplinary cooperation and a combination of microscopic and spectral methods have enabled usto describe this unique late Gothic gilding technique, in which metallic bismuth was intentionally usedto affect the color scheme of the coated areas in paintings and polychrome sculptures.

Druh

J_x - Nezařazeno - Článek v odborném periodiku (Jimp, Jsc a Jost)

CEP obor

AL - Umění, architektura, kulturní dědictví

OECD FORD obor

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Projekt

Výsledek vznikl pri realizaci vícero projektů. Více informací v záložce Projekty.

Návaznosti

P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)

Rok uplatnění

2015

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Journal Of Cultural Heritage

ISSN

1296-2074

e-ISSN

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Svazek periodika

16

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

2015

Stát vydavatele periodika

GB - Spojené království Velké Británie a Severního Irska

Počet stran výsledku

6

Strana od-do

747-752

Kód UT WoS článku

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EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

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