Chicken and environmental microbiota – invited lecture at International Scientific Conference on Probiotics, Prebiotics, Gut Microbiota and Health, Bratislava, Slovakia, June 20-22, 2023

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00027162%3A_____%2F23%3AN0000122" target="_blank" >RIV/00027162:_____/23:N0000122 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

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DOI - Digital Object Identifier

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Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Chicken and environmental microbiota – invited lecture at International Scientific Conference on Probiotics, Prebiotics, Gut Microbiota and Health, Bratislava, Slovakia, June 20-22, 2023

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Gallus gallus evolved to be hatched in nests and live for up to 20 years. On the other hand, broilers in commercial production are hatched in hatcheries and live for approx. 1 month and “long-lived” layers live for approx. 1 year. While ignoring these facts leads to many misunderstandings, availability of naive chickens from hatcheries also represent a unique opportunity for studies of host microbiota interactions. When looking at chicken microbiota, one has to decide whether to study respiratory or digestive tract microbiota. Relevant microbiota can be determined also at skin. Useful projects can focus on microbiota in chicken environment. If considering intestinal tract, small intestine, caecal or faecal microbiota can be analysed. In addition, luminal and mucosal microbiota should be analysed and considered separately. Whatever target is selected, one has to keep in mind that chicks from hatcheries during the first week of their life are colonised exclusively from environment. Microbiota of chickens of “broiler age” therefore cannot be considered as representative for Gallus gallus what is also a reason why it differs from microbiota of adult hens. On gut microbiota, recent findings indicate that microbiota members extensively differ in their ability to colonise chicken caecum. Spore-forming or aerotolerant bacteria (most of Firmicutes including lactobacilli) usually do not colonise chicken caecum permanently and has to be supplemented continuously. On the other hand, Bacteroidetes not exhibiting any form of their existence resistant to aerobic environment colonise chicken caecum after a single dose administration permanently. When all these pieces of information are integrated and combined with extensive culture of gut anaerobes, it is possible to prepare defined mixtures which improve chicken health and performance. Mixtures of Bacteroides species, Megamonas and Megasphaera colonise caecal lumen where they protect chicks against Salmonella, E. coli and Clostridium perfringens. Mixtures of mucosal microbiota further increases chicken resistance to these pathogens. Finally, environmental Bacteroidetes isolates compete with Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter in the environment of hatcheries and their administration reduce mortalities in chicken flocks during the first week after placement on farms. All these approaches can be combined with synergistic effects thus improving chicken performance, welfare and reducing needs for therapeutic administration of antibiotic in poultry production.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Chicken and environmental microbiota – invited lecture at International Scientific Conference on Probiotics, Prebiotics, Gut Microbiota and Health, Bratislava, Slovakia, June 20-22, 2023

Popis výsledku anglicky

Gallus gallus evolved to be hatched in nests and live for up to 20 years. On the other hand, broilers in commercial production are hatched in hatcheries and live for approx. 1 month and “long-lived” layers live for approx. 1 year. While ignoring these facts leads to many misunderstandings, availability of naive chickens from hatcheries also represent a unique opportunity for studies of host microbiota interactions. When looking at chicken microbiota, one has to decide whether to study respiratory or digestive tract microbiota. Relevant microbiota can be determined also at skin. Useful projects can focus on microbiota in chicken environment. If considering intestinal tract, small intestine, caecal or faecal microbiota can be analysed. In addition, luminal and mucosal microbiota should be analysed and considered separately. Whatever target is selected, one has to keep in mind that chicks from hatcheries during the first week of their life are colonised exclusively from environment. Microbiota of chickens of “broiler age” therefore cannot be considered as representative for Gallus gallus what is also a reason why it differs from microbiota of adult hens. On gut microbiota, recent findings indicate that microbiota members extensively differ in their ability to colonise chicken caecum. Spore-forming or aerotolerant bacteria (most of Firmicutes including lactobacilli) usually do not colonise chicken caecum permanently and has to be supplemented continuously. On the other hand, Bacteroidetes not exhibiting any form of their existence resistant to aerobic environment colonise chicken caecum after a single dose administration permanently. When all these pieces of information are integrated and combined with extensive culture of gut anaerobes, it is possible to prepare defined mixtures which improve chicken health and performance. Mixtures of Bacteroides species, Megamonas and Megasphaera colonise caecal lumen where they protect chicks against Salmonella, E. coli and Clostridium perfringens. Mixtures of mucosal microbiota further increases chicken resistance to these pathogens. Finally, environmental Bacteroidetes isolates compete with Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter in the environment of hatcheries and their administration reduce mortalities in chicken flocks during the first week after placement on farms. All these approaches can be combined with synergistic effects thus improving chicken performance, welfare and reducing needs for therapeutic administration of antibiotic in poultry production.

Druh

O - Ostatní výsledky

CEP obor

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OECD FORD obor

40301 - Veterinary science

Projekt

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Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2023

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů