Dissipation of sarin, soman, and sulfur mustard from various types of crushed concrete

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00179906%3A_____%2F25%3A10495124" target="_blank" >RIV/00179906:_____/25:10495124 - isvavai.cz</a>

Nalezeny alternativní kódy

RIV/60162694:G44__/26:00564226 RIV/60162694:G45__/26:00564226 RIV/00216305:26310/26:0200531

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=sAnTGWf0aX" target="_blank" >https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=sAnTGWf0aX</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137495" target="_blank" >10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137495</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Dissipation of sarin, soman, and sulfur mustard from various types of crushed concrete

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

The behavior of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) on urban materials, such as concrete, significantly impacts forensic and military responses to chemical incidents. This study examined the persistence and degradation mechanisms of sarin (GB), soman (GD), and sulfur mustard (HD) on three types of commonly used concrete with varying water-cement ratios. Over two months, we evaluated the effects of concrete composition, temperature, and fragment size on CWA behavior. Half-lives and activation energies for CWA dissipation were calculated under various conditions. Results showed that concrete properties and external temperature strongly influenced dissipation rates. G-series agents underwent rapid hydrolysis, forming methylphosphonates, while HD degradation involved elimination, nucleophilic substitution, and oxidation, producing several previously unreported byproducts. Smaller concrete fragments increased recovery values and accelerated degradation due to greater surface area exposure, and higher temperatures further enhanced dissipation rates, particularly for volatile agents. Differences in dissipation among concrete types were linked to their physical and chemical properties, notably water-cement ratios. This study highlights the challenges of detecting CWAs due to their rapid penetration and transformation in concrete and provides insights for improving sampling, identification, and decontamination strategies under realistic conditions.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Dissipation of sarin, soman, and sulfur mustard from various types of crushed concrete

Popis výsledku anglicky

The behavior of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) on urban materials, such as concrete, significantly impacts forensic and military responses to chemical incidents. This study examined the persistence and degradation mechanisms of sarin (GB), soman (GD), and sulfur mustard (HD) on three types of commonly used concrete with varying water-cement ratios. Over two months, we evaluated the effects of concrete composition, temperature, and fragment size on CWA behavior. Half-lives and activation energies for CWA dissipation were calculated under various conditions. Results showed that concrete properties and external temperature strongly influenced dissipation rates. G-series agents underwent rapid hydrolysis, forming methylphosphonates, while HD degradation involved elimination, nucleophilic substitution, and oxidation, producing several previously unreported byproducts. Smaller concrete fragments increased recovery values and accelerated degradation due to greater surface area exposure, and higher temperatures further enhanced dissipation rates, particularly for volatile agents. Differences in dissipation among concrete types were linked to their physical and chemical properties, notably water-cement ratios. This study highlights the challenges of detecting CWAs due to their rapid penetration and transformation in concrete and provides insights for improving sampling, identification, and decontamination strategies under realistic conditions.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

30304 - Public and environmental health

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2025

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Journal of Hazardous Materials

ISSN

0304-3894

e-ISSN

1873-3336

Svazek periodika

488

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

MAY

Stát vydavatele periodika

NL - Nizozemsko

Počet stran výsledku

12

Strana od-do

137495

Kód UT WoS článku

001424345200001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-85216839976