Why Are Branched-Chain Amino Acids Increased in Starvation and Diabetes?

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216208%3A11150%2F20%3A10416064" target="_blank" >RIV/00216208:11150/20:10416064 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=jiHjIfP2Ej" target="_blank" >https://verso.is.cuni.cz/pub/verso.fpl?fname=obd_publikace_handle&handle=jiHjIfP2Ej</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103087" target="_blank" >10.3390/nu12103087</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Why Are Branched-Chain Amino Acids Increased in Starvation and Diabetes?

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) are increased in starvation and diabetes mellitus. However, the pathogenesis has not been explained. It has been shown that BCAA catabolism occurs mostly in muscles due to high activity of BCAA aminotransferase, which converts BCAA and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) and glutamate. The loss of α-KG from the citric cycle (cataplerosis) is attenuated by glutamate conversion to α-KG in ALT and AST reactions, in which glycolysis is the main source of amino group acceptors, pyruvate and oxaloacetate. Irreversible oxidation of BCKA by BCKA dehydrogenase is sensitive to BCKA supply and ratios of NADH to NAD+ and acyl-CoA to CoA-SH. It is hypothesized that decreased glycolysis and increased fatty acid oxidation, characteristic features of starvation and diabetes, cause in muscles alterations resulting in increased BCAA levels. The main alterations include (i) decreased supply of α-KG by the citric acid cycle; (ii) impaired conversion of glutamate to α-KG due to decreased supply of pyruvate and oxaloacetate, and (iii) inhibitory influence of NADH and acyl-CoAs produced in fatty acid oxidation on BCKA dehydrogenase. The studies supporting the hypothesis and pros and cons of elevated BCAA concentrations are discussed in the article.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Why Are Branched-Chain Amino Acids Increased in Starvation and Diabetes?

Popis výsledku anglicky

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) are increased in starvation and diabetes mellitus. However, the pathogenesis has not been explained. It has been shown that BCAA catabolism occurs mostly in muscles due to high activity of BCAA aminotransferase, which converts BCAA and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) and glutamate. The loss of α-KG from the citric cycle (cataplerosis) is attenuated by glutamate conversion to α-KG in ALT and AST reactions, in which glycolysis is the main source of amino group acceptors, pyruvate and oxaloacetate. Irreversible oxidation of BCKA by BCKA dehydrogenase is sensitive to BCKA supply and ratios of NADH to NAD+ and acyl-CoA to CoA-SH. It is hypothesized that decreased glycolysis and increased fatty acid oxidation, characteristic features of starvation and diabetes, cause in muscles alterations resulting in increased BCAA levels. The main alterations include (i) decreased supply of α-KG by the citric acid cycle; (ii) impaired conversion of glutamate to α-KG due to decreased supply of pyruvate and oxaloacetate, and (iii) inhibitory influence of NADH and acyl-CoAs produced in fatty acid oxidation on BCKA dehydrogenase. The studies supporting the hypothesis and pros and cons of elevated BCAA concentrations are discussed in the article.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

30308 - Nutrition, Dietetics

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2020

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Nutrients

ISSN

2072-6643

e-ISSN

—

Svazek periodika

12

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

10

Stát vydavatele periodika

CH - Švýcarská konfederace

Počet stran výsledku

15

Strana od-do

3087

Kód UT WoS článku

000585450600001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-85092518504