Dynamics of multiple protoplanets embedded in gas and pebble discs and its dependence on Sigma and nu parameters

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216208%3A11320%2F18%3A10391427" target="_blank" >RIV/00216208:11320/18:10391427 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833855" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833855</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833855" target="_blank" >10.1051/0004-6361/201833855</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Dynamics of multiple protoplanets embedded in gas and pebble discs and its dependence on Sigma and nu parameters

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Protoplanets of super-Earth size may get trapped in convergence zones for planetary migration and form gas giants there. These growing planets undergo accretion heating, which triggers a hot-trail effect that can reverse migration directions, increase planetary eccentricities, and prevent resonant captures of migrating planets. In this work, we study populations of embryos that are accreting pebbles under different conditions, by changing the surface density, viscosity, pebble flux, mass, and the number of protoplanets. For modelling, we used the FARGO-THORIN two-dimensional (2D) hydrocode, which incorporates a pebble disc as a second pressureless fluid, the coupling between the gas and pebbles, and the flux-limited diffusion approximation for radiative transfer. We find that massive embryos embedded in a disc with high surface density (Sigma = 990 g cm(-2) at 5.2 au) undergo numerous &quot;unsuccessful&quot; two-body encounters that do not lead to a merger. Only when a third protoplanet arrives in the convergence zone do three-body encounters lead to mergers. For a low-viscosity disc (nu = 5 x 10(13) cm(2) s(-1)), a massive co-orbital is a possible outcome, for which a pebble isolation develops and the co-orbital is further stabilised. For more massive protoplanets (5 M-circle plus), the convergence radius is located further out, in the ice-giant zone. After a series of encounters, there is an evolution driven by a dynamical torque of a tadpole region, which is systematically repeated several times until the co-orbital configuration is disrupted and planets merge. This may be a way to solve the problem that co-orbitals often form in simulations but they are not observed in nature. In contrast, the joint evolution of 120 low-mass protoplanets (0.1 M-circle plus) reveals completely different dynamics. The evolution is no longer smooth, but rather a random walk. This is because the spiral arms, developed in the gas disc due to Lindblad resonances, overlap with each other and affect not only a single protoplanet but several in the surrounding area. Our hydrodynamical simulations may have important implications for N-body simulations of planetary migration that use simplified torque prescriptions and are thus unable to capture protoplanet dynamics in its full glory.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Dynamics of multiple protoplanets embedded in gas and pebble discs and its dependence on Sigma and nu parameters

Popis výsledku anglicky

Protoplanets of super-Earth size may get trapped in convergence zones for planetary migration and form gas giants there. These growing planets undergo accretion heating, which triggers a hot-trail effect that can reverse migration directions, increase planetary eccentricities, and prevent resonant captures of migrating planets. In this work, we study populations of embryos that are accreting pebbles under different conditions, by changing the surface density, viscosity, pebble flux, mass, and the number of protoplanets. For modelling, we used the FARGO-THORIN two-dimensional (2D) hydrocode, which incorporates a pebble disc as a second pressureless fluid, the coupling between the gas and pebbles, and the flux-limited diffusion approximation for radiative transfer. We find that massive embryos embedded in a disc with high surface density (Sigma = 990 g cm(-2) at 5.2 au) undergo numerous &quot;unsuccessful&quot; two-body encounters that do not lead to a merger. Only when a third protoplanet arrives in the convergence zone do three-body encounters lead to mergers. For a low-viscosity disc (nu = 5 x 10(13) cm(2) s(-1)), a massive co-orbital is a possible outcome, for which a pebble isolation develops and the co-orbital is further stabilised. For more massive protoplanets (5 M-circle plus), the convergence radius is located further out, in the ice-giant zone. After a series of encounters, there is an evolution driven by a dynamical torque of a tadpole region, which is systematically repeated several times until the co-orbital configuration is disrupted and planets merge. This may be a way to solve the problem that co-orbitals often form in simulations but they are not observed in nature. In contrast, the joint evolution of 120 low-mass protoplanets (0.1 M-circle plus) reveals completely different dynamics. The evolution is no longer smooth, but rather a random walk. This is because the spiral arms, developed in the gas disc due to Lindblad resonances, overlap with each other and affect not only a single protoplanet but several in the surrounding area. Our hydrodynamical simulations may have important implications for N-body simulations of planetary migration that use simplified torque prescriptions and are thus unable to capture protoplanet dynamics in its full glory.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

10308 - Astronomy (including astrophysics,space science)

Projekt

<a href="/cs/project/GA18-06083S" target="_blank" >GA18-06083S: Vývoj pevných těles v protoplanetárních discích a během kolizí</a><br>

Návaznosti

P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)

Rok uplatnění

2018

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics [online]

ISSN

1432-0746

e-ISSN

—

Svazek periodika

620

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

prosinec

Stát vydavatele periodika

FR - Francouzská republika

Počet stran výsledku

15

Strana od-do

—

Kód UT WoS článku

000452879800002

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-85058531175