Maternal gender discrimination and child emotional and behavioural problems: A population-based, longitudinal cohort study in the Czech Republic

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216224%3A14310%2F22%3A00127526" target="_blank" >RIV/00216224:14310/22:00127526 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537022003571?via%3Dihub" target="_blank" >https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537022003571?via%3Dihub</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101627" target="_blank" >10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101627</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Maternal gender discrimination and child emotional and behavioural problems: A population-based, longitudinal cohort study in the Czech Republic

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Background Gender discrimination may be a novel mechanism through which gender inequality negatively affects the health of women and girls. We investigated whether children's mental health varied with maternal exposure to perceived gender discrimination. Methods Complete longitudinal data was available on 2,567 mother-child dyads who were enrolled between March 1, 1991 and June 30,1992 in the European Longitudinal Cohort Study of Pregnancy and Childhood-Czech cohort and were surveyed at multiple time points between pregnancy and child age up to 15 years. The Strengths and Difficulties Ques-tionnaire (SDQ) was administered at child age 7, 11, and 15 years to assess child emotional/behavioural difficulties. Per-ceived gender discrimination was self-reported in mid-pregnancy and child age 7 and 11 years. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression of SDQ scores were estimated. Mediation was tested using structural equation models. Findings Perceived gender discrimination, reported by 11.2% of mothers in mid-pregnancy, was related to increased emotional/behavioural difficulties among children in bivariate analysis (slope = 0.24 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15, 0.32], p &lt; 0.0001) and in the fully adjusted model (slope = 0.18 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.27], p &lt; 0.0001). Increased difficulties were evident among children of mothers with more depressive symptoms (slope = 0.04 [95% CI: 0.03, 0.05], p &lt; 0.0001), boys (slope = 0.26 [95% CI: 0.19, 0.34], p &lt; 0.0001), first children (slope = 0.16 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.23], p &lt; 0.0001), and families under financial hardship (slope = 0.09 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.14], p &lt; 0.0001). Effects were attenuated for married mothers (slope-0.12 [95% CI:-0.22,-0.01], p &lt; 0.05]. Maternal depressive symptoms and financial hardship mediated about 37% and 13%, respectively, of the total effect of perceived gender discrimination on SDQ scores. Interpretation Perceived gender discrimination among child-bearing women in family contexts was associated with more mental health problems among their children and adolescents, extending prior research showing associations with maternal mental health problems. Maternal depressive symptoms and, to a lesser extent, financial hardship both partially mediated the positive relationship between perceived gender discrimination and child emotional/behavioural problems. This should be taken into consideration when measuring the societal burden of gender inequality and gender-based discrimination. Moreover, gender-based discrimination affects more than one gender and more than one generation, extending to boys in the household even moreso than girls, highlighting that gender discrimination is everyone's issue. Further research is required on the intergenerational mechanisms whereby gender discrimination may lead to maternal and child mental health consequences.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Maternal gender discrimination and child emotional and behavioural problems: A population-based, longitudinal cohort study in the Czech Republic

Popis výsledku anglicky

Background Gender discrimination may be a novel mechanism through which gender inequality negatively affects the health of women and girls. We investigated whether children's mental health varied with maternal exposure to perceived gender discrimination. Methods Complete longitudinal data was available on 2,567 mother-child dyads who were enrolled between March 1, 1991 and June 30,1992 in the European Longitudinal Cohort Study of Pregnancy and Childhood-Czech cohort and were surveyed at multiple time points between pregnancy and child age up to 15 years. The Strengths and Difficulties Ques-tionnaire (SDQ) was administered at child age 7, 11, and 15 years to assess child emotional/behavioural difficulties. Per-ceived gender discrimination was self-reported in mid-pregnancy and child age 7 and 11 years. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression of SDQ scores were estimated. Mediation was tested using structural equation models. Findings Perceived gender discrimination, reported by 11.2% of mothers in mid-pregnancy, was related to increased emotional/behavioural difficulties among children in bivariate analysis (slope = 0.24 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15, 0.32], p &lt; 0.0001) and in the fully adjusted model (slope = 0.18 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.27], p &lt; 0.0001). Increased difficulties were evident among children of mothers with more depressive symptoms (slope = 0.04 [95% CI: 0.03, 0.05], p &lt; 0.0001), boys (slope = 0.26 [95% CI: 0.19, 0.34], p &lt; 0.0001), first children (slope = 0.16 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.23], p &lt; 0.0001), and families under financial hardship (slope = 0.09 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.14], p &lt; 0.0001). Effects were attenuated for married mothers (slope-0.12 [95% CI:-0.22,-0.01], p &lt; 0.05]. Maternal depressive symptoms and financial hardship mediated about 37% and 13%, respectively, of the total effect of perceived gender discrimination on SDQ scores. Interpretation Perceived gender discrimination among child-bearing women in family contexts was associated with more mental health problems among their children and adolescents, extending prior research showing associations with maternal mental health problems. Maternal depressive symptoms and, to a lesser extent, financial hardship both partially mediated the positive relationship between perceived gender discrimination and child emotional/behavioural problems. This should be taken into consideration when measuring the societal burden of gender inequality and gender-based discrimination. Moreover, gender-based discrimination affects more than one gender and more than one generation, extending to boys in the household even moreso than girls, highlighting that gender discrimination is everyone's issue. Further research is required on the intergenerational mechanisms whereby gender discrimination may lead to maternal and child mental health consequences.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

30218 - General and internal medicine

Projekt

Výsledek vznikl pri realizaci vícero projektů. Více informací v záložce Projekty.

Návaznosti

P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)<br>I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2022

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

EClinicalMedicine

ISSN

2589-5370

e-ISSN

2589-5370

Svazek periodika

53

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

November 2022

Stát vydavatele periodika

NL - Nizozemsko

Počet stran výsledku

13

Strana od-do

1-13

Kód UT WoS článku

000860524000003

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-85136601987