TPMScan: A wide-scale study of security-relevant properties of TPM 2.0 chips

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00216224%3A14330%2F24%3A00135511" target="_blank" >RIV/00216224:14330/24:00135511 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2024.i2.714-734" target="_blank" >http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2024.i2.714-734</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2024.i2.714-734" target="_blank" >10.46586/tches.v2024.i2.714-734</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

TPMScan: A wide-scale study of security-relevant properties of TPM 2.0 chips

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

The Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a widely deployed computer component that provides increased protection of key material during cryptographic operations, secure storage, and support for a secure boot with a remotely attestable state of the target machine. A systematic study of the TPM ecosystem, its cryptographic properties, and the orderliness of vulnerability mitigation is missing despite its pervasive deployment -- likely due to the black-box nature of the implementations. We collected metadata, RSA and ECC cryptographic keys, and performance characteristics from numfws{} different TPM versions manufactured by numvendors{} vendors, including recent Pluton-based iTPMs, to systematically analyze TPM implementations. Surprisingly, a high rate of changes with a detectable impact on generated secrets, the timing of cryptographic operations, and frequent off-chip generation of Endorsement Keys were observed. Our analysis of public artifacts for TPM-related products certified under Common Criteria (CC) and FIPS 140 showed relatively high popularity of TPMs but without explanation for these changes in cryptographic implementations. Despite TPMs being commonly certified to CC EAL4+, serious vulnerabilities like ROCA or TPM-Fail were discovered in the past. We found a range of additional unreported nonce leakages in ECDSA, ECSCHNORR, and ECDAA algorithms in dTPMs and fTPMs of three vendors. The most serious discovered leakage allows extraction of the private key of certain Intel's fTPM versions using only nine signatures with no need for any side-channel information, making the vulnerability retrospectively exploitable despite a subsequent firmware update. Unreported timing leakages were discovered in the implementations of ECC algorithms on multiple Nuvoton TPMs, and other previously reported leakages were confirmed. The analysis also unveiled incompleteness of vulnerability reporting and subsequent mitigation with missing clear information about the affected versions and inconsistent fixes.

Název v anglickém jazyce

TPMScan: A wide-scale study of security-relevant properties of TPM 2.0 chips

Popis výsledku anglicky

The Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a widely deployed computer component that provides increased protection of key material during cryptographic operations, secure storage, and support for a secure boot with a remotely attestable state of the target machine. A systematic study of the TPM ecosystem, its cryptographic properties, and the orderliness of vulnerability mitigation is missing despite its pervasive deployment -- likely due to the black-box nature of the implementations. We collected metadata, RSA and ECC cryptographic keys, and performance characteristics from numfws{} different TPM versions manufactured by numvendors{} vendors, including recent Pluton-based iTPMs, to systematically analyze TPM implementations. Surprisingly, a high rate of changes with a detectable impact on generated secrets, the timing of cryptographic operations, and frequent off-chip generation of Endorsement Keys were observed. Our analysis of public artifacts for TPM-related products certified under Common Criteria (CC) and FIPS 140 showed relatively high popularity of TPMs but without explanation for these changes in cryptographic implementations. Despite TPMs being commonly certified to CC EAL4+, serious vulnerabilities like ROCA or TPM-Fail were discovered in the past. We found a range of additional unreported nonce leakages in ECDSA, ECSCHNORR, and ECDAA algorithms in dTPMs and fTPMs of three vendors. The most serious discovered leakage allows extraction of the private key of certain Intel's fTPM versions using only nine signatures with no need for any side-channel information, making the vulnerability retrospectively exploitable despite a subsequent firmware update. Unreported timing leakages were discovered in the implementations of ECC algorithms on multiple Nuvoton TPMs, and other previously reported leakages were confirmed. The analysis also unveiled incompleteness of vulnerability reporting and subsequent mitigation with missing clear information about the affected versions and inconsistent fixes.

Druh

D - Stať ve sborníku

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

10200 - Computer and information sciences

Projekt

<a href="/cs/project/VJ02010010" target="_blank" >VJ02010010: Nástroje pro verifikaci bezpečnosti kryptografických zařízení s využitím AI</a><br>

Návaznosti

P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)

Rok uplatnění

2024

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název statě ve sborníku

IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems

ISBN

—

ISSN

2569-2925

e-ISSN

—

Počet stran výsledku

21

Strana od-do

714-734

Název nakladatele

Ruhr-University of Bochum

Místo vydání

Bochum

Místo konání akce

Bochum

Datum konání akce

1. 1. 2024

Typ akce podle státní příslušnosti

WRD - Celosvětová akce

Kód UT WoS článku

—