Intracellular and extracellular carbohydrates in microalgae

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

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Nalezeny alternativní kódy

RIV/60461373:22340/23:43927086

Výsledek na webu

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DOI - Digital Object Identifier

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Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Intracellular and extracellular carbohydrates in microalgae

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Microalgae are an important source of carbohydrates, especially in polymeric form. Polysaccharides make up the largest part of microalgal cells. They can be divided into three groups - structural cell wall polysaccharides, reserve polysaccharides (mainly glucans) and exocellular polysaccharides. The physiological role of polysaccharides in a microalgal cell and around it is related to the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, configuration of glycosidic bonds, and the presence of specific functional groups. There is a wide variety of cell wall structures in microalgae, and therefore the composition and configuration of cell wall polysaccharides is also very different, including β-glucans, β-mannans, α-rhamnans, β-galactofuranans and various heteropolysaccharides. Cellulose or chitin can play the role of a fibrillar component of the cell walls of microalgae. The most common reserve polysaccharides of microalgae are branched starches and β-glucans. Floridean starch is more branched than amylopectin and is found in some red microalgae. There are several genera of eukaryotic green and red microalgae, such as Chlorella, Porphyridium, Rhodella, Botryococcus and Dunaliella, and some prokaryotic microalgae, like genera Nostoc and Arthrosphira, which are known to produce and excrete polysaccharides in relatively high amounts. Exocellular polysaccharides are released into the environment by the microalgal cell, where they form a layer to help withstand adverse and extreme environmental conditions. They can also form a dense or loose mucous capsule that surrounds the cell from the outside and is involved in cell cohesion and adhesion to the surface. These polysaccharides are composed of various sugar units and some substituents such as acetic, pyruvic and succinic acids, linked in the form of an ester or a cyclic ketal. They often contain esters of sulfuric and phosphoric acids. The composition of monosaccharides and their proportion varies depending on the growth phase. Several intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides from microalgae have demonstrated a number of biological activities of interest for pharmaceutical applications, including immunomodulation, antitumor, antibacterial, antioxidant, and many other effects. These polysaccharides can be used to create new nutritional supplements that can improve and protect human health. Otherwise, the polysaccharides produced by microalgae can be fermented and converted into biofuels.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Intracellular and extracellular carbohydrates in microalgae

Popis výsledku anglicky

Microalgae are an important source of carbohydrates, especially in polymeric form. Polysaccharides make up the largest part of microalgal cells. They can be divided into three groups - structural cell wall polysaccharides, reserve polysaccharides (mainly glucans) and exocellular polysaccharides. The physiological role of polysaccharides in a microalgal cell and around it is related to the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, configuration of glycosidic bonds, and the presence of specific functional groups. There is a wide variety of cell wall structures in microalgae, and therefore the composition and configuration of cell wall polysaccharides is also very different, including β-glucans, β-mannans, α-rhamnans, β-galactofuranans and various heteropolysaccharides. Cellulose or chitin can play the role of a fibrillar component of the cell walls of microalgae. The most common reserve polysaccharides of microalgae are branched starches and β-glucans. Floridean starch is more branched than amylopectin and is found in some red microalgae. There are several genera of eukaryotic green and red microalgae, such as Chlorella, Porphyridium, Rhodella, Botryococcus and Dunaliella, and some prokaryotic microalgae, like genera Nostoc and Arthrosphira, which are known to produce and excrete polysaccharides in relatively high amounts. Exocellular polysaccharides are released into the environment by the microalgal cell, where they form a layer to help withstand adverse and extreme environmental conditions. They can also form a dense or loose mucous capsule that surrounds the cell from the outside and is involved in cell cohesion and adhesion to the surface. These polysaccharides are composed of various sugar units and some substituents such as acetic, pyruvic and succinic acids, linked in the form of an ester or a cyclic ketal. They often contain esters of sulfuric and phosphoric acids. The composition of monosaccharides and their proportion varies depending on the growth phase. Several intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides from microalgae have demonstrated a number of biological activities of interest for pharmaceutical applications, including immunomodulation, antitumor, antibacterial, antioxidant, and many other effects. These polysaccharides can be used to create new nutritional supplements that can improve and protect human health. Otherwise, the polysaccharides produced by microalgae can be fermented and converted into biofuels.

Druh

C - Kapitola v odborné knize

CEP obor

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OECD FORD obor

21101 - Food and beverages

Projekt

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Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2023

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název knihy nebo sborníku

Handbook of Food and Feed from Microalgae: Production, Application, Regulation, and Sustainability

ISBN

978-0-323-99196-4

Počet stran výsledku

15

Strana od-do

87-102

Počet stran knihy

648

Název nakladatele

Elsevier B.V.

Místo vydání

Amsterdam

Kód UT WoS kapitoly

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