Almond Shell-Derived Biochar for Lead Adsorption: Comparative Study of Pyrolysis Techniques and Sorption Capacities

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F61989100%3A27350%2F25%3A10258964" target="_blank" >RIV/61989100:27350/25:10258964 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/20/4121" target="_blank" >https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/20/4121</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules30204121" target="_blank" >10.3390/molecules30204121</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Almond Shell-Derived Biochar for Lead Adsorption: Comparative Study of Pyrolysis Techniques and Sorption Capacities

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Lead (Pb(II)) contamination in water poses severe environmental and health risks due to its toxicity and persistence. This study compares almond shell-derived biochars produced by slow pyrolysis (SP) and microwave pyrolysis (MW), with and without KOH activation, focusing on structural properties and Pb(II) adsorption performance. Biochars were characterized by proximate and elemental analysis, BET surface area, FTIR spectroscopy, and adsorption experiments including pH dependence, kinetics, and equilibrium isotherms. Non-activated SP exhibited the highest surface area (S&lt;inf&gt;BET&lt;/inf&gt; = 693 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;·g&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), pronounced mesoporosity (≈73% of total pore volume), and the largest observed equilibrium capacities. KOH activation increased surface hydroxyl content but degraded textural properties; in MW samples, it induced severe pore collapse. Given the very fast uptake, kinetic modeling was treated cautiously: for non-activated biochars, Elovich adequately captured the time-course trend, whereas activated samples returned non-physical kinetic constants (e.g., negative k&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;) likely due to high post-adsorption pH (&gt;11) and probable Pb(OH)&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt; precipitation. Equilibrium data (fitted over 50–500 mg·L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) were better captured by the Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson models, indicating a mixed adsorption behaviour with contributions from heterogeneous site distribution and site-specific interactions. Optimal Pb(II) removal occurred at pH 4, with no measurable leaching from the biochar matrix. Overall, non-activated SP biochar is the most effective, sustainable and low-cost option among the tested materials for Pb(II) removal from water, avoiding aggressive chemical activation while maximizing adsorption performance.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Almond Shell-Derived Biochar for Lead Adsorption: Comparative Study of Pyrolysis Techniques and Sorption Capacities

Popis výsledku anglicky

Lead (Pb(II)) contamination in water poses severe environmental and health risks due to its toxicity and persistence. This study compares almond shell-derived biochars produced by slow pyrolysis (SP) and microwave pyrolysis (MW), with and without KOH activation, focusing on structural properties and Pb(II) adsorption performance. Biochars were characterized by proximate and elemental analysis, BET surface area, FTIR spectroscopy, and adsorption experiments including pH dependence, kinetics, and equilibrium isotherms. Non-activated SP exhibited the highest surface area (S&lt;inf&gt;BET&lt;/inf&gt; = 693 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;·g&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), pronounced mesoporosity (≈73% of total pore volume), and the largest observed equilibrium capacities. KOH activation increased surface hydroxyl content but degraded textural properties; in MW samples, it induced severe pore collapse. Given the very fast uptake, kinetic modeling was treated cautiously: for non-activated biochars, Elovich adequately captured the time-course trend, whereas activated samples returned non-physical kinetic constants (e.g., negative k&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;) likely due to high post-adsorption pH (&gt;11) and probable Pb(OH)&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt; precipitation. Equilibrium data (fitted over 50–500 mg·L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) were better captured by the Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson models, indicating a mixed adsorption behaviour with contributions from heterogeneous site distribution and site-specific interactions. Optimal Pb(II) removal occurred at pH 4, with no measurable leaching from the biochar matrix. Overall, non-activated SP biochar is the most effective, sustainable and low-cost option among the tested materials for Pb(II) removal from water, avoiding aggressive chemical activation while maximizing adsorption performance.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

10511 - Environmental sciences (social aspects to be 5.7)

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

S - Specificky vyzkum na vysokych skolach

Rok uplatnění

2025

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Molecules

ISSN

1420-3049

e-ISSN

1420-3049

Svazek periodika

30

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

20

Stát vydavatele periodika

CH - Švýcarská konfederace

Počet stran výsledku

16

Strana od-do

1-16

Kód UT WoS článku

001603832200001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-105020288841