The effects of antidepressants on non-target organism in surface water

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F62157124%3A16270%2F18%3A43877036" target="_blank" >RIV/62157124:16270/18:43877036 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

—

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

—

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

The effects of antidepressants on non-target organism in surface water

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Due to the pressure of modern world, stress and rush life, people are nowadays more often forced to look up the antidepressants as an effective and easy way of help. This fact results in arise of their concentrations in surface water; pharmaceuticals are, in general, found in amount between ng to ?g per litre of surface water. Moreover, the pharmaceuticals are known for their high biological activity (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern, 2013) and they are recently considered to be an issue not only for humans, but also for the environment due to their worldwide and ubiquitous increasing occurrence (Santos et al., 2010). The main source of pharmaceuticals in the environment is excretion from the body, discharge of domestic sewage, hospital wastewater, etc. (Frédéric and Yves, 2014). Also, an incomplete removal of pharmaceutical during wastewater treatment plant processes result in findings of these active compounds in the environment (Santos et al., 2010). Nowadays, the concerns about effects of antidepressants on aquatic biota grow. According to current knowledge, antidepressants occurring in surface water are able to effect the behaviour, reproduction, development, and survival of aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates. Our study was focus on three antidepressants from different classes. Amitriptyline, belonging to tricyclic antidepressants, can induce the inhibition of serotonin and noradrenaline uptake in presynaptic nerve endings. This class of antidepressant is commonly used for treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and pain syndromes (Maubach et al., 1999). In contrast, this class also have a wide range of adverse effects, such as cardiotoxicity (Callaham et al., 1988), or neurotoxicity (Manneström et al., 2006). The second chosen antidepressant, sertraline, belongs to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, which block presynaptic serotonin reuptake transporters (Munari et al., 2014). Several behavioural side-effects of SSRIs beyond anxiety, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, aggressiveness, impulsivity, psychomotor restlessness, etc. (Murphy et al., 2008). The third tested antidepressant was venlafaxine belonging to the group of selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (SNRI). It is a pharmaceutical widely prescribed to manage depression and anxiety (Vaswani et al., 2003). Venlafaxine prevents the re-uptake of serotonin, and to a lesser extent noradrenalin (Asnis et al., 2004). Among common side effects are anticholinergic effects, hypertension, asthenia, dizziness, headache, somnolence, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, and dry mouth (Tarleton et al., 2016). All antidepressants were used in environmentally relevant concentrations (according to literature sources) and in 100x higher concentration for evaluation of dose-depending effect. The organisms, used for this study, were Danio rerio and Xenopus tropicalis embryos. The Danio rerio embryos were exposed to the antidepressants for six days; the Xenopus tropicalis embryos were exposed for two days. We wanted to verify, whether these antidepressants can affect the gene expression and mRNA amount, of selected genes ? BMP4, NKX2.5, OTX2 and PAX6 gene. These genes were chosen according to their function in the body system, which can possibly these selected antidepressants affect.

Název v anglickém jazyce

The effects of antidepressants on non-target organism in surface water

Popis výsledku anglicky

Due to the pressure of modern world, stress and rush life, people are nowadays more often forced to look up the antidepressants as an effective and easy way of help. This fact results in arise of their concentrations in surface water; pharmaceuticals are, in general, found in amount between ng to ?g per litre of surface water. Moreover, the pharmaceuticals are known for their high biological activity (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern, 2013) and they are recently considered to be an issue not only for humans, but also for the environment due to their worldwide and ubiquitous increasing occurrence (Santos et al., 2010). The main source of pharmaceuticals in the environment is excretion from the body, discharge of domestic sewage, hospital wastewater, etc. (Frédéric and Yves, 2014). Also, an incomplete removal of pharmaceutical during wastewater treatment plant processes result in findings of these active compounds in the environment (Santos et al., 2010). Nowadays, the concerns about effects of antidepressants on aquatic biota grow. According to current knowledge, antidepressants occurring in surface water are able to effect the behaviour, reproduction, development, and survival of aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates. Our study was focus on three antidepressants from different classes. Amitriptyline, belonging to tricyclic antidepressants, can induce the inhibition of serotonin and noradrenaline uptake in presynaptic nerve endings. This class of antidepressant is commonly used for treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and pain syndromes (Maubach et al., 1999). In contrast, this class also have a wide range of adverse effects, such as cardiotoxicity (Callaham et al., 1988), or neurotoxicity (Manneström et al., 2006). The second chosen antidepressant, sertraline, belongs to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, which block presynaptic serotonin reuptake transporters (Munari et al., 2014). Several behavioural side-effects of SSRIs beyond anxiety, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, aggressiveness, impulsivity, psychomotor restlessness, etc. (Murphy et al., 2008). The third tested antidepressant was venlafaxine belonging to the group of selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (SNRI). It is a pharmaceutical widely prescribed to manage depression and anxiety (Vaswani et al., 2003). Venlafaxine prevents the re-uptake of serotonin, and to a lesser extent noradrenalin (Asnis et al., 2004). Among common side effects are anticholinergic effects, hypertension, asthenia, dizziness, headache, somnolence, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, and dry mouth (Tarleton et al., 2016). All antidepressants were used in environmentally relevant concentrations (according to literature sources) and in 100x higher concentration for evaluation of dose-depending effect. The organisms, used for this study, were Danio rerio and Xenopus tropicalis embryos. The Danio rerio embryos were exposed to the antidepressants for six days; the Xenopus tropicalis embryos were exposed for two days. We wanted to verify, whether these antidepressants can affect the gene expression and mRNA amount, of selected genes ? BMP4, NKX2.5, OTX2 and PAX6 gene. These genes were chosen according to their function in the body system, which can possibly these selected antidepressants affect.

Druh

D - Stať ve sborníku

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

40301 - Veterinary science

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

S - Specificky vyzkum na vysokych skolach

Rok uplatnění

2018

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název statě ve sborníku

Water &amp; Fish 8th International Conference

ISBN

978-86-7834-308-7

ISSN

—

e-ISSN

neuvedeno

Počet stran výsledku

4

Strana od-do

251-254

Název nakladatele

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia

Místo vydání

Belgrade

Místo konání akce

Bělehrad

Datum konání akce

13. 6. 2018

Typ akce podle státní příslušnosti

WRD - Celosvětová akce

Kód UT WoS článku

—