Palaeoecology of selected species of Ferns

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

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Výsledek na webu

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DOI - Digital Object Identifier

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Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Palaeoecology of selected species of Ferns

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

This chapter is a review of modern studies of ferns, based on chloroplast markers and BEAST analysis (Testo and Sundue, 2016). It includes the ecology of ferns, and their entire history, from their first appearance through currently living specimens. Ferns have been an important part of plant assemblages, from as far back as the Palaeozoic. The first ferns (Pteridophyta) appeared in the Devonian, and separation of the ordinal-ranked clades can be traced back at least to the Carboniferous Period (Taylor et al., 2009). The earliest representatives of ferns of the Cladoxylopsida type are known from the Middle Devonian. They were characterized anatomically by a dissected vascular system, consisting of a variable number of primary xylem segments and radially elongate primary xylem ribs (Berry and Stein, 2000). The largest dispersion of ferns was during the Carboniferous period. It was a large expansion of herbaceous, epiphytic and tree ferns, for example, genera Discopteris Stur, Oligocarpia Gӧppert, Pecopteris Brongniart, and Sphenopteris Brongniart. The era of the Upper Devonian through the Permian is called the Younger Palaeophytic (Kvaček, 2000), and it saw the growth of fern-like fronds, called Pteridosperms. Their fossils are often confused with true ferns, and they are found together with sphenophytes, lycophyte trees and Cordaites. These plants were the largest and most extensive members of forests during the Carboniferous, and they form an important component of today's black coal seams. During the Upper Permian, all gymnosperm numbers declined, although ferns still played a significant role and kept their ecological niche. The subsequent era, from the Triassic through the Lower Cretaceous is called the Mesophytic (Kvaček, 2000). In the Upper Cretaceous, populations of ferns declined, and angiosperms became more abundant. This change of population dominance signalled the beginning of the Cenophytic era. However, even today there are places where ferns are dominant. Currently, more than 10,000 species can be found around the world in a wide variety of habitats (Taylor et al., 2009).

Název v anglickém jazyce

Palaeoecology of selected species of Ferns

Popis výsledku anglicky

This chapter is a review of modern studies of ferns, based on chloroplast markers and BEAST analysis (Testo and Sundue, 2016). It includes the ecology of ferns, and their entire history, from their first appearance through currently living specimens. Ferns have been an important part of plant assemblages, from as far back as the Palaeozoic. The first ferns (Pteridophyta) appeared in the Devonian, and separation of the ordinal-ranked clades can be traced back at least to the Carboniferous Period (Taylor et al., 2009). The earliest representatives of ferns of the Cladoxylopsida type are known from the Middle Devonian. They were characterized anatomically by a dissected vascular system, consisting of a variable number of primary xylem segments and radially elongate primary xylem ribs (Berry and Stein, 2000). The largest dispersion of ferns was during the Carboniferous period. It was a large expansion of herbaceous, epiphytic and tree ferns, for example, genera Discopteris Stur, Oligocarpia Gӧppert, Pecopteris Brongniart, and Sphenopteris Brongniart. The era of the Upper Devonian through the Permian is called the Younger Palaeophytic (Kvaček, 2000), and it saw the growth of fern-like fronds, called Pteridosperms. Their fossils are often confused with true ferns, and they are found together with sphenophytes, lycophyte trees and Cordaites. These plants were the largest and most extensive members of forests during the Carboniferous, and they form an important component of today's black coal seams. During the Upper Permian, all gymnosperm numbers declined, although ferns still played a significant role and kept their ecological niche. The subsequent era, from the Triassic through the Lower Cretaceous is called the Mesophytic (Kvaček, 2000). In the Upper Cretaceous, populations of ferns declined, and angiosperms became more abundant. This change of population dominance signalled the beginning of the Cenophytic era. However, even today there are places where ferns are dominant. Currently, more than 10,000 species can be found around the world in a wide variety of habitats (Taylor et al., 2009).

Druh

C - Kapitola v odborné knize

CEP obor

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OECD FORD obor

10506 - Paleontology

Projekt

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Návaznosti

I - Institucionalni podpora na dlouhodoby koncepcni rozvoj vyzkumne organizace

Rok uplatnění

2018

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název knihy nebo sborníku

Ferns: Ecology, Importance to Humans and Threats

ISBN

978-1-53613-018-8

Počet stran výsledku

23

Strana od-do

97-119

Počet stran knihy

178

Název nakladatele

Nova Science Publishers

Místo vydání

New York

Kód UT WoS kapitoly

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