Recovery of hydrochloric acid and critical raw materials from an effluent of the copper electrorefining process using electromembrane reactors

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F70883521%3A28110%2F25%3A63594558" target="_blank" >RIV/70883521:28110/25:63594558 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383586625011839?via%3Dihub" target="_blank" >https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383586625011839?via%3Dihub</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132586" target="_blank" >10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132586</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Recovery of hydrochloric acid and critical raw materials from an effluent of the copper electrorefining process using electromembrane reactors

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Highly concentrated acids are used to regenerate ion-exchange resins that are applied for the removal of metallic impurities (i.e. antimony, arsenic and bismuth) from spent copper electrorefining baths, thus generating acidic effluents. In this work, the recovery of critical raw materials and HCl from a real effluent is evaluated by electrodeposition using reactors with and without membrane separators. First, four reduction peaks were detected by cyclic voltammetry, and their correspondence to the pairs Cu(II)/Cu(I), As(III)/As, Sb(III)/Sb, Bi(III)/Bi, and Cu(I)/Cu was confirmed by potentiostatic electrodeposition and elemental analysis of the deposits. A high selectivity towards antimony deposition over arsenic and copper was achieved at the least cathodic applied potential (−0.25 VAg/AgCl), obtaining a deposit with 85 wt% of antimony and bismuth as the second most deposited metal. At more cathodic potentials, deposition of copper takes place and the antimony content in the deposits decreases. Galvanostatic electrodeposition tests were carried out using a three-compartment reactor. Results showed that the transport rate of Cl- ions through the anion-exchange membrane is too slow to recover highly concentrated HCl in a separate compartment. However, electrodeposition of the main elements present in the real effluent makes possible obtaining impurity-free HCl (4.8 M) in the cathodic compartment. The complete recovery of antimony (100 %) and almost complete recovery of bismuth (95 %) and copper (90 %) were achieved after 4 h working at −100 mA·cm−2. Tests conducted with a single-compartment reactor confirmed that formation of chlorine gas at the anode causes the redissolution of the metals deposited at the cathode, thus revealing that electromembrane reactors improve the electrodeposition current efficiency.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Recovery of hydrochloric acid and critical raw materials from an effluent of the copper electrorefining process using electromembrane reactors

Popis výsledku anglicky

Highly concentrated acids are used to regenerate ion-exchange resins that are applied for the removal of metallic impurities (i.e. antimony, arsenic and bismuth) from spent copper electrorefining baths, thus generating acidic effluents. In this work, the recovery of critical raw materials and HCl from a real effluent is evaluated by electrodeposition using reactors with and without membrane separators. First, four reduction peaks were detected by cyclic voltammetry, and their correspondence to the pairs Cu(II)/Cu(I), As(III)/As, Sb(III)/Sb, Bi(III)/Bi, and Cu(I)/Cu was confirmed by potentiostatic electrodeposition and elemental analysis of the deposits. A high selectivity towards antimony deposition over arsenic and copper was achieved at the least cathodic applied potential (−0.25 VAg/AgCl), obtaining a deposit with 85 wt% of antimony and bismuth as the second most deposited metal. At more cathodic potentials, deposition of copper takes place and the antimony content in the deposits decreases. Galvanostatic electrodeposition tests were carried out using a three-compartment reactor. Results showed that the transport rate of Cl- ions through the anion-exchange membrane is too slow to recover highly concentrated HCl in a separate compartment. However, electrodeposition of the main elements present in the real effluent makes possible obtaining impurity-free HCl (4.8 M) in the cathodic compartment. The complete recovery of antimony (100 %) and almost complete recovery of bismuth (95 %) and copper (90 %) were achieved after 4 h working at −100 mA·cm−2. Tests conducted with a single-compartment reactor confirmed that formation of chlorine gas at the anode causes the redissolution of the metals deposited at the cathode, thus revealing that electromembrane reactors improve the electrodeposition current efficiency.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

20402 - Chemical process engineering

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

V - Vyzkumna aktivita podporovana z jinych verejnych zdroju

Rok uplatnění

2025

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Separation and Purification Technology

ISSN

1383-5866

e-ISSN

—

Svazek periodika

364

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

Part 3

Stát vydavatele periodika

NL - Nizozemsko

Počet stran výsledku

12

Strana od-do

nestránkováno

Kód UT WoS článku

001451544200001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-105000121782