Time, Age, Gender, and Test Practice Effects on Children’s Olfactory Performance: a Two-Year Longitudinal Study

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F00023752%3A_____%2F20%3A43919802" target="_blank" >RIV/00023752:_____/20:43919802 - isvavai.cz</a>

Nalezeny alternativní kódy

RIV/00216208:11310/20:10392665 RIV/00216208:11240/20:10392665

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12078-019-09260-0" target="_blank" >https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12078-019-09260-0</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12078-019-09260-0" target="_blank" >10.1007/s12078-019-09260-0</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Time, Age, Gender, and Test Practice Effects on Children’s Olfactory Performance: a Two-Year Longitudinal Study

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Introduction Changes in olfactory perception observed in cross-sectional studies may not reflect actual ongoing change within individuals. The aim of the present study was to assess intra-individual as well as inter-individual variation in olfactory scores in pre-schoolers across five waves over a 2-year period. Methods The participants were 157 children (79 boys) aged 5.8 ± 0.6 years at initial testing. We repeatedly examined the effects of time, age, gender, test practice, operationalised as the number of sessions attended and the intervals between them, and influence of school entry on identification, discrimination, and threshold Sniffin’ Sticks scores. Data imputation was performed due to missing data. Results In non-imputed data, odour identification and discrimination were higher in girls. More odours were also correctly identified by children who had attended fewer sessions in shorter intervals. In imputed data, in addition to these effects, odour identification and discrimination increased further into the study and were higher in children who were older at initial testing and those who had started attending school. Schoolchildren also had lower thresholds than pre-schoolers. However, both the significant and non-significant effects were generally small. Conclusions We observed mainly small effects of gender and test practice on odour identification and discrimination, whereas intra-individual variation appeared only after data imputation. Implications It is likely that olfactory development over time needs to be observed for longer than 2 years.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Time, Age, Gender, and Test Practice Effects on Children’s Olfactory Performance: a Two-Year Longitudinal Study

Popis výsledku anglicky

Introduction Changes in olfactory perception observed in cross-sectional studies may not reflect actual ongoing change within individuals. The aim of the present study was to assess intra-individual as well as inter-individual variation in olfactory scores in pre-schoolers across five waves over a 2-year period. Methods The participants were 157 children (79 boys) aged 5.8 ± 0.6 years at initial testing. We repeatedly examined the effects of time, age, gender, test practice, operationalised as the number of sessions attended and the intervals between them, and influence of school entry on identification, discrimination, and threshold Sniffin’ Sticks scores. Data imputation was performed due to missing data. Results In non-imputed data, odour identification and discrimination were higher in girls. More odours were also correctly identified by children who had attended fewer sessions in shorter intervals. In imputed data, in addition to these effects, odour identification and discrimination increased further into the study and were higher in children who were older at initial testing and those who had started attending school. Schoolchildren also had lower thresholds than pre-schoolers. However, both the significant and non-significant effects were generally small. Conclusions We observed mainly small effects of gender and test practice on odour identification and discrimination, whereas intra-individual variation appeared only after data imputation. Implications It is likely that olfactory development over time needs to be observed for longer than 2 years.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

50101 - Psychology (including human - machine relations)

Projekt

Výsledek vznikl pri realizaci vícero projektů. Více informací v záložce Projekty.

Návaznosti

P - Projekt vyzkumu a vyvoje financovany z verejnych zdroju (s odkazem do CEP)

Rok uplatnění

2020

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Chemosensory Perception

ISSN

1936-5802

e-ISSN

—

Svazek periodika

13

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

1

Stát vydavatele periodika

US - Spojené státy americké

Počet stran výsledku

18

Strana od-do

19-36

Kód UT WoS článku

000524863300003

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-85062032208