Quantifying energy fluence and its uncertainty for radio emission from particle cascades in the presence of noise

Kód výsledku v IS VaVaI

<a href="https://www.isvavai.cz/riv?ss=detail&h=RIV%2F68378271%3A90232%2F25%3A00642207" target="_blank" >RIV/68378271:90232/25:00642207 - isvavai.cz</a>

Výsledek na webu

<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2025.103091" target="_blank" >https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2025.103091</a>

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2025.103091" target="_blank" >10.1016/j.astropartphys.2025.103091</a>

Jazyk výsledku

angličtina

Název v původním jazyce

Quantifying energy fluence and its uncertainty for radio emission from particle cascades in the presence of noise

Popis výsledku v původním jazyce

Measurements of radio signals induced by an astroparticle generating a cascade present a challenge because they are always superposed with an irreducible noise contribution. Quantifying these signals constitutes a non-trivial task, especially at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Because of the randomness of the noise phase, the measurements can be either a constructive or a destructive superposition of signal and noise. To recover the electromagnetic energy of the cascade from the radio measurements, the energy fluence, i.e. the time integral of the Poynting vector, has to be estimated. Conventionally, noise subtraction in the time domain has been employed for energy fluence reconstruction, yielding significant biases at low signal-to-noise ratios. In several analyses, this bias is mitigated by imposing an SNR threshold cut, though this option is not ideal as it excludes valuable data. Additionally, the uncertainties derived from the conventional method are underestimated, even for large SNR values. To address this known issue, the uncertainties have so far typically been approximated and corrected by using ad-hoc terms. This work tackles these challenges by detailing a method to correctly estimate the uncertainties and lower the reconstruction bias in quantifying radio signals, thereby, ideally, eliminating the need for an SNR cut. The development of the method is based on a robust theoretical and statistical background, and the estimation of the fluence is performed in the frequency domain, allowing for the improvement of further analyses by providing access to frequency-dependent fluence estimation.

Název v anglickém jazyce

Quantifying energy fluence and its uncertainty for radio emission from particle cascades in the presence of noise

Popis výsledku anglicky

Measurements of radio signals induced by an astroparticle generating a cascade present a challenge because they are always superposed with an irreducible noise contribution. Quantifying these signals constitutes a non-trivial task, especially at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Because of the randomness of the noise phase, the measurements can be either a constructive or a destructive superposition of signal and noise. To recover the electromagnetic energy of the cascade from the radio measurements, the energy fluence, i.e. the time integral of the Poynting vector, has to be estimated. Conventionally, noise subtraction in the time domain has been employed for energy fluence reconstruction, yielding significant biases at low signal-to-noise ratios. In several analyses, this bias is mitigated by imposing an SNR threshold cut, though this option is not ideal as it excludes valuable data. Additionally, the uncertainties derived from the conventional method are underestimated, even for large SNR values. To address this known issue, the uncertainties have so far typically been approximated and corrected by using ad-hoc terms. This work tackles these challenges by detailing a method to correctly estimate the uncertainties and lower the reconstruction bias in quantifying radio signals, thereby, ideally, eliminating the need for an SNR cut. The development of the method is based on a robust theoretical and statistical background, and the estimation of the fluence is performed in the frequency domain, allowing for the improvement of further analyses by providing access to frequency-dependent fluence estimation.

Druh

J_imp - Článek v periodiku v databázi Web of Science

CEP obor

—

OECD FORD obor

10303 - Particles and field physics

Projekt

—

Návaznosti

—

Rok uplatnění

2025

Kód důvěrnosti údajů

S - Úplné a pravdivé údaje o projektu nepodléhají ochraně podle zvláštních právních předpisů

Název periodika

Astroparticle Physics

ISSN

0927-6505

e-ISSN

1873-2852

Svazek periodika

168

Číslo periodika v rámci svazku

June

Stát vydavatele periodika

NL - Nizozemsko

Počet stran výsledku

12

Strana od-do

103091

Kód UT WoS článku

001428521800001

EID výsledku v databázi Scopus

2-s2.0-85217739475